Determination of Trace Chlorine in Fine Ceramics by ICP-AES Using Tungsten Boat Furnace Vaporizer and Exchangeable Sample Cuvette System as a Direct Solid Sampler

Abstract

A new approach to simple solid sample digestion, subsequent vaporization, and introduction into an inductively coupled plasma was developed for the direct determination of chlorine in fine ceramic materials by atomic emission spectrometry. To each small sample cuvette made of tungsten, a powder sample was placed and weighed accurately. Following an addition of modifier solution, the cuvette was positioned on the tungsten boat furnace incorporated an electrothermal vaporizer. Then, the analyte in the sample cuvette was vaporized and introduced into the plasma; the major components of ceramic being retained. The solid ceramic samples were analyzed by using an external calibration curve prepared with the aqueous standard solutions. The detection limit of chlorine was estimated to be 0.71 ng, which corresponds to 59 ng g⁻¹ of the chlorine concentration in solid ceramic materials. The relative standard deviation was calculated to be 3.2%. The analytical results in various ceramic materials are described.

Keywords:

• Chlorine
• Direct determination
• ETV-ICP-AES
• Solid sampling

Notes

^a Concentration of chlorine in liquid samples digested.

^b Concentration of chlorine in ceramic or solid samples.

^c Absolute amount of chlorine in nanogram in one batch.

^d Detection limit as solution concentration was estimated from that as solid concentration and the digestion procedure. Detection limit as solution concentration was not presented.

^e Data was minimum concentration of practical sample. Detection limit was not presented.

^f Indirect Flame-AAS based on the formation of AgCl precipitation.

^g Not ceramic samples but organic, botanical, or water samples.

^h No data was presented in the paper. Data was assumed.

^a Mean ± standard deviation, n = 3.

^b No certified value was given.