Determination of Alkylphenols in Water by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solid Formation without a Disperser

Abstract

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solid formation without a disperser combined with high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed for the determination of 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol. This method is rapid, easy, and uses only 10 µL of a low toxicity organic solvent (1-hexadecanethiol) for the extraction solvent and no disperser solvent. The extraction time and centrifugation time require less than 10 min. The linear range was 1–500 ng mL⁻¹ for 4-tert-butylphenol, 2–1000 ng mL⁻¹ for 4-tert-octylphenol, and 5–500 ng mL⁻¹ for 4-n-nonylphenol with r² ≥ 0.9986. The detection limits were between 0.2 and 1.5 ng mL⁻¹. The recoveries of lake and river water samples were in the range of 79% to 108%, and the relative standard deviations were 5% to 10%.

Keywords:

• 1-Hexadecanethiol
• Alkylphenols
• Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
• High-performance liquid chromatography

Notes

^a Lake water sample spiked with 1 ng mL⁻¹ 4-tert-butylphenol, 5 ng mL⁻¹ 4-tert-octylphenol, and 5 ng mL⁻¹ 4-n-nonylphenol.

^b River water sample spiked with 1 ng mL⁻¹ 4-tert-butylphenol, 6 ng mL⁻¹ 4-tert-octylphenol, and 5 ng mL⁻¹ 4-n-nonylphenol.

^a Lake water, Chu Lake, Hsinchu, Taiwan.

^b River water, Yourou River, Hsinchu, Taiwan.

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