Determination of Immunosuppressive Pharmaceuticals in Whole Blood Following Kidney Transplantation by High-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT

Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus are commonly used immunosuppressants following organ transplantation. Their monitoring is used to determine the optimal dose for therapeutic effectiveness and minimize toxicity. High-performance liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode was validated for the determination of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus in whole blood. A C18 analytical column was employed with a gradient elution of pH 4.0 aqueous 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. For the pretreatment of whole blood, simple protein precipitation was used with methanol:zinc sulfate. The calibration curves were linear from 20.0 to 1000 ng/mL for cyclosporine A, 1.0 to 50 ng/mL for tacrolimus and sirolimus, and 1.0 to 30 ng/mL for everolimus. The intra-assay precision and inter-assay precision were less than 15%. The method provides reliable and reproducible results according to the linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and matrix effects. The method has been introduced to routine clinical practice in Slovakia for the determination of immunosuppressants in patients after kidney transplantation.

KEYWORDS:

• Electrospray ionization
• high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
• immunosuppressants
• kidney transplantation method validation
• multiple reaction monitoring

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by “Health effects of plant food and the possibility of reduction of health risks,” ITMS No. 26240220022, based on the Supporting Operational Research and Development Program financed from the European Regional Development Fund.