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Electrophoresis

Large Volume Sample Stacking (LVSS) in Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the Determination of Phenolics in Food Samples

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Pages 2853-2867 | Received 28 Mar 2019, Accepted 22 May 2019, Published online: 06 Jun 2019
 

Abstract

A capillary electrophoresis method with large volume sample stacking (CE-LVSS) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven phenolic compounds: naringin, rutin, carnosic acid, apigenin, quercetin, morin, and chichoric acid. Optimization was carried out by response surface methodology and a set of 20 experiments helped to optimize the parameters such as the concentration of buffer, buffer pH, and applied voltage. Analytes were separated using a 50 µm diameter capillary with 56 cm effective length and an extended light path using 20 mM borate buffer at pH 9.2. The LVSS method was optimized and a three- to fivefold improvement in detectability was achieved with injection at 100 mbar for 20 s followed by polarity switching at –20 kV for 6 s. The linearity values of all seven analytes were observed in the concentration ranges from 0.5 to 50 µg/mL for CE and 0.1 to 25 µg/mL for LVSS. The limits of detection were from 0.012 to 0.241 and 0.003 to 0.086 µg/mL for CE and LVSS. The obtained limits of quantitation were within 0.041 to 0.802 for CE and 0.012 to 0.286 µg/mL for LVSS. The recoveries were between 91.1 and 109.8% and 96.3 and 108.4% for CE and LVSS, respectively. The developed method has been successfully applied for the quantitative determination of analyzed components from food samples that are important sources of these compounds.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals.

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