Determination of Trace Sudan I in Spices by Novel, Green Ionic Liquid Based Microextraction with Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A new, green method has been developed for the determination of the trace Sudan I prior to spectrophotometric determination. The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF₆]), was used as an extraction solvent for Sudan I. The analytical parameters which influence the recovery of Sudan I, such as the pH, ionic liquid volume, and sample volume, were optimized. Sudan I was quantitatively extracted at pH 6.0. The influences of matrix components upon the analysis were investigated. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.039 µg/L and 0.108 µg/L, respectively. The method was employed to determine Sudan I in food.

Keywords:

• Ionic liquid based microextraction
• ionic liquids
• microextraction
• spectrophotometry
• Sudan I

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support by the Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Erciyes University (FDK-2022-11485). Dr. Mustafa Soylak thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences for financial support.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri, Erciyes Üniversitesi.