Separation and Preconcentration of Atrazine on Magnetic Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes before Determination in Food and Water Samples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD)

Abstract

This work focuses upon the easy and efficient synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) decorated with magnetite used in the vortex-assisted magnetic solid-phase microextraction (VA-m-µ-SPE) of atrazine in water and food samples. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy. Parameters that influenced VA-m-µ-SPE (pH, mMWCNT mass, extraction time, eluent type and volume, and sample volume) were optimized. The presented technique provided a preconcentration factor of 10-fold with limits of detection and quantification of 2.1 μg L⁻¹ and 6.4 μg L⁻¹, respectively, and a linear range from 12.5 to 250 μg L⁻¹. VA-m-µ-SPE has been applied in the preconcentration and determination of atrazine in the natural waters. In addition, atrazine was determined in ginger and fennel.

Keywords:

• Atrazine
• food samples
• high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD)
• magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes
• preconcentration
• water samples

Disclosure statement

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.

Additional information

Funding

The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Erciyes University (FDK-2022-11945). Dr. Mustafa Soylak thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences for financial support.