Responses to Sulfur Dioxide and Exercise by Medication-Dependent Asthmatics: Effect of Varying Medication Levels

Abstract

Twenty-one volunteers with moderate to severe asthma were exposed to sulfur dioxide (SO₂) at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.3, and 0.6 ppm in each of three medication states: (1) low (much of their usual asthma medication withheld), (2) normal (each subject on his own usual medication schedule), and (3) high (usual medication supplemented by inhaled metaproterenol before exposure). Theophylline, the medication usually taken by subjects, was often supplemented by beta-adrenergics. Exposures were for 10 min and were accompanied by continuous heavy exercise (ventilation ∼ 50 l/min). Lung function and symptoms were measured before and after exposure. With normal medication, symptomatic bronchoconstriction occurred with exercise and was exacerbated by 0.6 ppm SO₂, as reported for mildly unmedicated asthmatics studied previously. Both baseline and post-exposure lung function were noticeably worse in the low-medication state. High medication improved baseline lung function and prevented most broncho-constrictive effects of SO₂/exercise. High medication also increased heart rate and apparently induced tremor or nervousness in some individuals.