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Energy Modeling and Assessment

Modeling and Assessment of Wind and Insolation Resources with a Focus on Their Complementary Nature: A Case Study of Oklahoma

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Pages 717-729 | Received 01 Mar 2010, Accepted 01 Dec 2010, Published online: 28 Apr 2011
 

Abstract

Energy in wind and incoming solar radiation has been observed to be complementary over time. That is, as one of these resources slackens, the other tends to increase. Considering the intermittency of wind and solar radiation, complementarity provides the potential to better exploit the two resources in combination. How well a hybrid system using both resources can improve the reliability of energy generation is partially a function of their complementarity. This study developed an approach to calculate the Complementarity Index of Wind and Solar Radiation (CIWS). Geographic analyses including principal component analysis and geographically weighted regression modeling were applied to investigate the impacts of diverse geographic factors on complementarity. Oklahoma was used as the case study area because of the availability of quality-controlled five-minute data from 127 Mesonet sites. The results indicate average CIWS (unitless) is 10.99, about 46 percent of the theoretical maximum value of 24; the standard deviation is 1.5. Approximately 57 percent of the sites have above-average CIWS values. Also, complementarity is spatially skewed, with the highest CIWS values falling in the east, where both wind and solar energy are less abundant. Geographic analysis shows three groups of geographic factors including moisture, temperature, and landscape explain 86.6 percent of variations in complementarity.

La energía del viento y de la insolación ha sido considerada complementaria a través del tiempo. Es decir, a medida que uno de estos recursos mengua, el otro tiende a incrementarse. Teniendo en cuenta la intermitencia del viento y de la radiación solar, la complementariedad suministra el potencial para explotar los dos recursos en combinación. Qué tan bien puede un sistema híbrido que utilice ambos recursos mejorar la confiabilidad en la generación de energía es parcialmente una función de su complementariedad. En este estudio se desarrolló un enfoque para calcular el Índice de Complementariedad del Viento y la Radiación Solar (CIWS, sigla en inglés). Se aplicaron análisis geográficos que incluyen el análisis de componentes principales y modelos de regresión geográficamente ponderada para investigar los impactos de diversos factores geográficos sobre la complementariedad. Se adoptó a Oklahoma como el área del estudio de caso debido a la disponibilidad de datos sobre el control de la calidad con frecuencia de cada cinco minutos en 127 sitios de la Mesonet. Los resultados indican que el promedio del CIWS (sin unidades) es de 10.99, cerca del 46 por ciento del valor teórico máximo de 24; la desviación estándar es de 1.5. Aproximadamente el 57 por ciento de los sitios registran valores de CIWS por encima del promedio. La complementariedad también está sesgada espacialmente, presentándose los más altos valores de CIWS hacia el este, donde tanto el viento como la radiación solar son menos intensos. El análisis geográfico muestra tres grupos de factores geográficos, incluyendo humedad, temperatura y paisaje, que explican el 86.6 por ciento de las variaciones en complementariedad.

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Oklahoma Department of Commerce, the Oklahoma Mesonetwork, and the U.S. Department of Energy. Our cartographer, Mike Larson, produced the final versions of our maps. Rebecca Sheehan provided some invaluable manuscript suggestions. We appreciate the issue editor and the three anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments that improved our work.

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