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Fossil Fuel Landscapes

Energy and Identity: Imagining Russia as a Hydrocarbon Superpower

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Pages 783-794 | Received 01 Mar 2010, Accepted 01 Dec 2010, Published online: 28 Apr 2011
 

Abstract

The relationship between energy systems, on the one hand, and narratives and practices of identity building at different scales, on the other, has received little attention in the mainstream human geography and social science literature. There is still a paucity of integrated theoretical insights into the manner in which energy formations are implicated in the rise of particular cultural self-determinations, even though various strands of work on energy and identity are frequently present throughout the wide—and rather disparate—corpus of social science energy research. Therefore, this article explores the manner in which the exploitation and management of energy resources is woven into discourses and debates about national identity, international relations, a nation's path of future development, and its significance on the global arena using the case of Russia. We investigate some of the policies, narratives, and discourses that accompany the attempt to represent this country as a global “energy superpower” in relation to the resurrection of its domestic economy and material prosperity, on the one hand, and the restoration of its global status as a derzhava (or “Great Power”), on the other. Using ideas initially developed within the field of critical discourse analysis, we pay special attention to the national identity-building role played by geographical imaginations about the country's past and present energy exports to neighboring states. We argue that they have created a hydrocarbon landscape in which the discursive and material have become mutually entangled to create an infrastructurally grounded vision of national identity.

La relación que existe, por una parte, entre sistemas energéticos y las narrativas y prácticas de construcción de identidad a diferentes escalas, por la otra, ha recibido poca atención en las corrientes principales de la literatura de geografía humana y las ciencias sociales. Se nota todavía la escasez de entradas teóricas importantes en la manera como las formaciones energéticas tienen algo que ver con la elevación de autodeterminaciones culturales particulares, aunque algunas sartas de trabajo sobre energía e identidad frecuentemente están presentes a través del amplio—y muy desigual—corpus de investigación energética en las ciencias sociales. En consecuencia, usando el caso de Rusia, este artículo explora la manera como la explotación y manejo de los recursos energéticos se entreteje en discursos y debates acerca de identidad nacional, relaciones internacionales, la senda de una nación hacia el desarrollo futuro y su significancia en el escenario global. Investigamos algunas de las políticas, narrativas y discursos que acompañan el intento por representar a este país como una “superpotencia energética” global en relación con la resurrección de su economía doméstica y prosperidad material, por un lado, y la restauración de su estatus global como una derzhava (“Gran Potencia”), por el otro. Utilizando ideas desarrolladas inicialmente dentro del campo del análisis del discurso crítico, ponemos especial atención al papel de constructoras de identidad que juegan las imaginaciones geográficas acerca de las exportaciones pasadas y presentes del país hacia los estados vecinos. Sostenemos que ellos han creado un paisaje de hidrocarburos en el que lo discursivo y lo material han llegado a estar mutuamente enredados para crear una visión de la identidad nacional infraestructuralmente encallada.

Acknowledgments

Stefan Bouzarovski wishes to gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Project No. MSM0021620831, “Geographic Systems and Risk Processes in the Context of Global Change and European Integration.” He is also an External Professor at the Department of Economic Geography, Institute of Geography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Ba¿yńskiego 4, 80–952 Gdańsk, Poland.

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