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Landscapes of Renewable Energy

Opposing Wind Energy Landscapes: A Search for Common Cause

Pages 907-917 | Received 01 Mar 2010, Accepted 01 Dec 2010, Published online: 10 May 2011
 

Abstract

Although wind power is local, sustainable, affordable, and carbon free, mounting public opposition to the landscape changes it produces threatens its expansion. In an era when many countries are looking to renewable energy as an answer to questions about national security and the risks of climate change, it is important to explain the sources of this reaction. This article looks for similarities in public resistance to wind developments in four diverse settings: Palm Springs, California; Cape Cod, Massachusetts; the Isle of Lewis, Scotland; and Oaxaca State, Mexico. Despite the natural and cultural diversity among these places, there are five common threads in the opposition that has been experienced: immobility, the site specificity of the resource; immutability, an expectation of landscape permanence; solidarity, the close relationship between people and the land; imposition, a sense of marginalization; and place identity, a loss of security. Considering more deeply the relationship between land and life, in advance of the development of renewable energy resources, will help smooth the otherwise bumpy road toward a more sustainable future.

Aunque la energía eólica es local, sustentable, barata y libre de carbono, la creciente oposición pública que se le hace por los cambios que aquélla produce en el paisaje está amenazando su expansión. En un tiempo en el que muchos países se encuentran buscando fuentes de energía renovable como respuesta a cuestiones de seguridad nacional y a los riesgos del cambio climático, es importante explicar las fuentes de esa reacción. Este artículo busca similitudes en la resistencia pública por desarrollos eólicos en cuatro escenarios diferentes: Palm Springs, California; Cabo Cod, Massachusetts; la Isla de Lewis, Escocia; y el Estado de Oaxaca, México. A pesar de las diferencias naturales y culturales entre estos lugares, existen cinco hilos comunes en la oposición que se ha experimentado: inmovilidad, la especificidad de sitio del recurso; inmutabilidad, una expectativa de permanencia del paisaje; solidaridad, la cercana relación entre la gente y la tierra; imposición, un sentido de marginación; e identidad de lugar, una pérdida de seguridad. Si se considerara más profundamente la relación entre tierra y vida, antes del desarrollo de recursos energéticos naturales renovables, ayudaría a limar lo que de otro modo sería camino lleno de asperezas hacia un futuro más sostenible.

Notes

1. This meeting in Juchitan in May 2009 was among local residents, government and utility-company officials, representatives of the U.S. Embassy, and the author.

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