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People, Place, and Region

The Migration Dynamics of the “Creative Class”: Evidence from a Study of Artists in Stockholm, Sweden

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Pages 195-210 | Received 01 Dec 2010, Accepted 01 Jun 2011, Published online: 14 Dec 2011
 

Abstract

This article focuses on a neglected issue in debates about the “creative city,” the migration dynamics of the so-called creative class. The work of Richard Florida on the importance of the “creative class” for urban development continues to influence urban policymakers worldwide, despite the lack of empirical evidence supporting the key assumptions made about the migration dynamics of those in apparently “creative” occupations. This article evaluates the usefulness of adopting the approach of analyzing the migration dynamics of one “creative” occupation, artists. We consider the migration experiences of a group of artists who have moved to Stockholm, Sweden, exploring their mobility and their motivations for moving, the factors influencing their choice of location, and the influence of their occupational dynamics on their mobility. The analysis advances earlier studies of creative migration by considering the impact on their mobility of life-cycle effects and their reliance on professional networks and queries the purported link between openness and tolerance in cities with low entry barriers for those in “creative” occupations.

Este artículo se concentra en un aspecto descuidado de los debates acerca de la “ciudad creativa”, a saber, la dinámica migratoria de la llamada clase creativa. El trabajo de Richard Florida sobre la importancia que tiene la clase creativa para el desarrollo urbano sigue influyendo sobre los formuladores de políticas urbanas en todo el mundo, a pesar de la falta de evidencia empírica donde apoyar los supuestos claves que se esgrimen sobre la dinámica migratoria de quienes se desempeñan en ocupaciones aparentemente “creativas”. Este artículo evalúa la utilidad de adoptar el enfoque de analizar la dinámica migratoria de una ocupación “creativa”, los artistas. Para este efecto, consideramos las experiencias migratorias de un grupo de artistas que se han radicado en Estocolmo, Suecia, explorando su movilidad y las motivaciones que los llevaron a desplazarse, los factores que influyeron para seleccionar su localización y la influencia que tiene su dinámica ocupacional en su movilidad. El análisis avanza a partir de estudios anteriores de migración creativa tomando en cuenta el impacto que tienen sobre su movilidad los efectos del ciclo vital y su confianza en redes profesionales, y cuestiona el pretendido vínculo entre apertura y tolerancia en ciudades que solo ponen bajas barreras a la llegada de quienes forman parte de las ocupaciones “creativas.”

Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to Andrea Creutz for her assistance with the research, particularly in helping us to network with artists in Stockholm. Thanks to all of the artists and city and regional officials who participated in the interviews. The research was made possible by a grant from STINT, The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (KG2003-4748). Dr. Young would like to thank the Department of Human Geography at Stockholm University for hosting him as Gästforskare.

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