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Health Inequalities

Smoking, Ethnic Residential Segregation, and Ethnic Diversity: A Spatio-temporal Analysis

, &
Pages 912-921 | Received 01 Nov 2010, Accepted 01 Jun 2011, Published online: 27 Mar 2012
 

Abstract

Ethnic residential segregation is a profound social divide in many societies. In the health arena, U.S. work has been influential in demonstrating the impact of ethnic residential segregation on child health outcomes, showing how it can compound other forms of disadvantage. This article builds on and extends this research by examining the transferability of conclusions concerning the health impact of ethnic residential segregation to a non-U.S. context and to the field of health behavior. Using complete adult population data from the 1996 and 2006 New Zealand Censuses of Population geocoded to local and urban area levels, we examine smoking prevalence and cessation in relation to ethnic segregation and diversity. The article employs a repeated cross-sectional multilevel modeling strategy with smoking and cessation as outcome variables. The differential impact of segregation and diversity on smoking behavior by different ethnic groups is considered, taking into account the confounding effect of socioeconomic status and demographic variation. Conclusions suggest that Māori isolation has little overall effect but ethnic diversity has some relevance. Individual ethnic status and area-level deprivation are more important in understanding smoking behavior.

La segregación residencial por razones étnicas constituye una profunda divisoria social en muchas sociedades. En la arena de la salud pública se puede apreciar que el trabajo realizado en EE.UU. ha sido influyente para demostrar el impacto de la segregación residencial étnica sobre la salud del niño, mostrando cómo esto puede desarrollar otras formas de desventaja. Este artículo se basa en aquellas investigaciones y las extiende examinando la transferabilidad de las conclusiones sobre el impacto que tiene sobre la salud la segregación residencial étnica a otros contextos fuera de los EE.UU. y al campo de conductas relacionadas con la salud. Utilizando datos completos de población adulta de los Censos de Población de 1996 y 2006 de Nueva Zelandia, georreferenciados a los niveles de áreas locales y urbanas, examinamos la prevalencia y cesación de fumar en relación con la segregación y diversidad étnicas. El artículo utiliza una estrategia de modelación repetida de nivel múltiple trans-seccional, usando el hábito de fumar y su cesación como variables resultantes. Se considera el impacto diferencial que tiene la segregación y la diversidad sobre el hábito de fumar por diferentes grupos étnicos, tomando en cuenta el efecto alterante del estatus socioeconómico y la variación demográfica. Las conclusiones sugieren que el efecto del aislamiento maorí es limitado pero en cambio la diversidad étnica tiene alguna relevancia. Más importantes para entender el comportamiento fumador son el estatus étnico individual y la privación a nivel de área.

Notes

aDomestic purposes benefit is state financial support primarily for single parents with dependent children or for people caring for someone who is not a spouse or partner.

aDomestic purposes benefit is state financial support primarily for single parents with dependent children or for people caring for someone who is not a spouse or partner.

aLowest/highest quintile on the Māori isolation index in the case of the isolation models; lowest/highest quintile on the ethnic diversity index for the diversity models.

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