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Health Care Provision, Access, and Utilization

Urban Politics and Mental Health: An Agenda for Health Geographic Research

, , &
Pages 1084-1092 | Received 01 Nov 2010, Accepted 01 Oct 2011, Published online: 26 Apr 2012
 

Abstract

Siting of mental health service facilities has often been subject to public opposition and political struggles. These processes have produced a landscape of mental health provision that is powerfully uneven and concentrated in economically and socially depressed areas. We argue that understanding this landscape requires an examination of the political processes that shape such siting decisions. Although health geographers (most importantly Dear and Wolch) have periodically engaged with politics, the important role of informal development politics in producing landscapes of health remains insufficiently examined. We introduce the case of residential social service facility (“group home”) siting in central Massachusetts to explore the political dynamics of the production of health. Siting of group homes in Massachusetts is governed by a legal framework that provides social service agencies with legal protection and autonomy from local governments as they make siting choices. This exemption from local zoning ordinances often shifts local politics from formal to informal channels, leading to the application of many forms of soft influence over siting decisions. A comprehensive geographic analysis of mental health should include the social and political processes of siting.

A menudo la ubicación de instalaciones para servicios de salud mental ha generado oposición pública y enfrentamientos políticos. Estos procesos han dado lugar a un paisaje de atención a la salud mental poderosamente desequilibrado y que se concentra en áreas económica y socialmente deprimidas. Nuestro argumento es que para comprender este paisaje se requiere un examen de los procesos políticos que dan lugar a tales decisiones locacionales. Aunque los geógrafos especialistas en temas de la salud (singularmente Dear y Wolch) periódicamente se involucran en política, el importante papel que juegan las políticas de desarrollo informal en la producción de paisajes de la salud sigue estando insuficientemente estudiado. Traemos a cuento el caso de las instalaciones del servicio social residencial (“hogar grupal”) ubicadas en la parte central de Massachusetts para explorar la dinámica política de la producción de salud. La ubicación de los hogares grupales en Massachusetts está controlada por un marco legal que provee a las agencias de servicios sociales con protección legal y autonomía frente a los gobiernos locales en lo que concierne a seleccionar sitios de ubicación. Esta excepción al ordenamiento de la zonificación local a menudo desvía la política local de los canales formales a los informales, lo cual conduce a la aplicación de muchas formas de influencia suave en las decisiones de selección de sitios. Un análisis geográfico minucioso de los problemas de salud mental debe incluir los procesos sociales y políticos de la localización.

Notes

Environmental justice analyses link health concerns to political struggles by examining the distribution of environmental inequity; conceptualizations of health are thus driven by this economic and social justice lens. Although a justice perspective parallels our concerns, length limitations lead us to focus on reintegrating contributions from political and urban–political scholarship more directly following Dear and Wolch.

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