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Articles

On the Work of Urbanization: Migration, Construction Labor, and the Commodity Moment

Pages 338-347 | Received 01 Dec 2012, Accepted 01 Jul 2013, Published online: 09 Jan 2014
 

Abstract

Construction labor markets are crucial to processes of urbanization, yet they have been largely overlooked as sites for research and theory at the nexus of urban and migration studies. In this article I explore how widespread trends of flexibility have transformed construction labor markets internationally in recent decades and highlight how these trends intersect with the growing incorporation of temporary migrant labor. Employing research conducted on construction labor markets in the city of Dubai, I offer three interventions on theorizing urbanization through the lens of migrant construction work and employment. These include reconceptualizing urbanization as a process of commodity production; highlighting the building process as a site of intersectional politics; and foregrounding how migrant construction work and employment offers a fruitful lens for comparative urban research seeking to draw new connections about the social relations of urbanization across a host of cities internationally. Drawing on feminist migration and postcolonial urban scholarship, I consider how an engagement with the commodified geographies of migrant construction work offers opportunities to reframe and decenter Marxian theories of urbanization.

建筑劳动市场是城市化过程的关键, 但却多半不被视为城市与移民研究关係中的研究及理论场域。我将在本文中探讨近数十年来弹性趋势的普及, 如何改变了国际的建筑劳动市场, 以及这些趋势如何与成长中的临时移工的引进相互交织。我运用在迪拜城市的建筑劳动市场中所进行的研究, 透过建筑移民工与聘雇的视角, 提供三个介入理论化城市化的方式, 包含将城市化再概念化为商品生产的过程; 强调营建过程做为多元交织政治的场域; 以及凸显建筑移民工及其聘雇, 对于寻求连结国际上不同城市的城市化社会关係的比较城市研究而言, 如何提供丰硕的研究视角。 我援引女性主义迁徙和后殖民城市的学术着作, 考量涉入建筑移民工作的商品化地理, 如何能够提供做为再框架并去中心化马克思的城市化理论之机会。

Los mercados de trabajo relacionados con labores de construcción son cruciales en los procesos de urbanización, aunque en gran medida hayan sido ignorados como sitios de investigación y teoría en el núcleo de los estudios urbanos y migratorios. En este artículo exploro cómo las tendencias generalizadas de flexibilidad han transformado internacionalmente los mercados laborales de la construcción en décadas recientes, y destaco la manera como estas tendencias se intersectan con la creciente incorporación del trabajo migratorio temporal. Utilizando la investigación llevada a cabo en los mercados laborales de construcción en la ciudad de Dubai, propongo tres instancias para teorizar la urbanización a través de la visión del trabajo y el empleo migratorio en construcción. Estas propuestas incluyen reconceptualizar la urbanización como el proceso de producción de una mercadería; destacar el proceso de construcción como un escenario de políticas interseccionales; y avanzar en la discusión de cómo el trabajo y el empleo migratorio en la construcción ofrecen una perspectiva fructífera para la investigación urbana comparada, buscando delinear nuevas conexiones acerca de las relaciones sociales de la urbanización dentro de un conjunto internacional de ciudades. Basándome en el conocimiento erudito urbano con enfoque feminista y poscolonial, elaboro sobre cómo un compromiso con las geografías comodificadas del trabajo migratorio de la construcción ofrece oportunidades para reformular y descentrar las teorías marxistas de la urbanización.

Acknowledgments

I wish to sincerely thank Jenny Robinson, Kendra Strauss, Mike Ekers, Mark Hunter, and Zack Taylor for their comments on earlier incarnations of this article. Many thanks also to Richard Wright and the reviewers for their extremely helpful feedback on the original manuscript. Responsibility for errors and shortcomings in the article, of course, remains mine alone.

Notes

1. The use of the category migrant is always problematic and particularly so considering the wide scope of this article. I use it here, however, to broadly foreground the intersection of diverse temporary or insecure forms of employment in construction with the incorporation of a wide spectrum of both inter- and intranationally mobile workers.

2. Figure provided by a senior researcher for Human Rights Watch (personal communication, September 2008).

3. Figure provided by Sheikha Lubna bint Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi, former Minister of Economics and Planning, Arabian World Construction Summit, Abu Dhabi, February 2008.

4. Although, notably, Aalbers (Citation2008) recently broadened these debates through a focus on the built environment and the “quaternary” or financial circuit of capital.

5. Various interviews with construction labor subcontractors, Dubai, 2008.

6. Interview with a labor welfare official from a labor-sending country consulate, Dubai, 2008.

7. Various interviews with labor-sending country consular officials, Dubai, 2008.

8. Although see Datta (Citation2012) and Kern (Citation2010).

9. Though notably see Thiel (2007, 2012).

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