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People, Place, and Region

The Hybrid Legal Geographies of a War Crimes Court

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Pages 652-667 | Received 01 Jan 2013, Accepted 01 Jul 2013, Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

Abstract

This article explores the implications of understanding war crime trials as hybrid legal spaces. Drawing on twelve months of residential fieldwork in the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, it examines the circulation of evidence, the choreography of the courtroom, and the nature and possibilities for legal observation. Analyzing hybrid legal geographies foregrounds the material and embodied nature of trials, illuminating the forms of comportment, categorization, and exclusion through which law establishes its legitimacy. Rather than emphasizing separation and distance, the lens of hybridity illuminates the multiple ways in which war crimes trials are grounded in the social and political context of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. Consequently, this analysis traces the disjuncture between the imagined geographies of legal jurisdiction and the material and embodied spaces of trial practices. In conclusion, we argue that the establishment of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina illustrates the tensions that emerge when an institution of trial justice is used to strengthen the coherence of a postconflict state.

本文探讨将战争犯罪审判理解为混杂的法律空间之意涵。我运用在波斯尼亚与赛拉耶弗赫赛哥维那法庭中, 为期十二个月的田野工作, 检视证据的传播、法庭的编排, 以及法律观察的本质与可能性。分析混杂的法律地理, 凸显出审判的物质及体现本质, 阐明了法律透过区划、分类以及排除的形式所建立的正当性。不同于强调隔离与距离, 混杂性的视角阐明了战争犯罪审判植基于当代波斯尼亚与赫赛哥维那的社会及政治脉络的多重方式。本分析因而追溯法律审判的想像地理, 及其与审判执行的物质与体现空间之间的断裂。我们将于结论中主张, 波斯尼亚与赫赛哥维那法庭的建制, 显示出当一个审判正义的机构被用来强化后冲突国家的和谐性时所浮现的张力。

En este artículo se exploran las implicaciones que tiene entender los juicios por crímenes de guerra como espacios legales híbridos. Con base en doce meses de trabajo de campo residencial en la Corte de Bosnia y Herzegovina, en Sarajevo, se examina la circulación de evidencia, la coreografía del tribunal y la naturaleza y posibilidades de observación legal. Analizando las geografías legales híbridas, se destaca la naturaleza material y personalista de los juicios, iluminando las formas de comportamiento, categorización y exclusión por medio de los cuales la ley establece su legitimidad. Más que enfatizar separación y distancia, la lente de la hibridad ilumina las múltiples maneras en que se apoyan los juicios por crímenes de guerra en el contexto social y político de la Bosnia y Herzegovina de hoy. En consecuencia, este análisis traza la descoyuntura entre las geografías imaginadas de la jurisdicción legal y los espacios materiales y personalistas de las prácticas de juzgamientos. En conclusión, sostenemos que el establecimiento de la Corte de Bosnia y Herzegovina ilustra las tensiones que aparecen cuando una institución de justicia para juicios es utilizada para fortalecer la coherencia de un estado posconflicto.

Notes

1The leading civilian organization implementing the 1995 General Framework Agreement for Peace (Dayton Accords).

2For example, “For the first three years of the five-year transitional period (2005–2007), the [trial] panels were composed of a presiding national judge and two international judges. In the second two years (2008 and 2009) the number of international judges reduces to one per panel, and by the end of the transitional period … all remaining internationals will be replaced by national judges” (Abdulhak Citation2009, 339). At the time of writing international judges remained on certain panels but they were due to be phased out at the beginning of 2013.

3Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 3/03.

4Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina No. 3/03, 32/03, 37/03, 54/04, 61/04, 30/05, 53/06, 55/06, 32/07.

5The Agency was complying with a ruling passed by the Parliamentary Assembly of BiH on 26 March 2006; see Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 49/06.

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