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Methods, Models, and GIS

Social Sensing: A New Approach to Understanding Our Socioeconomic Environments

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 512-530 | Received 01 Mar 2014, Accepted 01 Jul 2014, Published online: 27 Apr 2015
 

Abstract

The emergence of big data brings new opportunities for us to understand our socioeconomic environments. We use the term social sensing for such individual-level big geospatial data and the associated analysis methods. The word sensing suggests two natures of the data. First, they can be viewed as the analogue and complement of remote sensing, as big data can capture well socioeconomic features while conventional remote sensing data do not have such privilege. Second, in social sensing data, each individual plays the role of a sensor. This article conceptually bridges social sensing with remote sensing and points out the major issues when applying social sensing data and associated analytics. We also suggest that social sensing data contain rich information about spatial interactions and place semantics, which go beyond the scope of traditional remote sensing data. In the coming big data era, GIScientists should investigate theories in using social sensing data, such as data representativeness and quality, and develop new tools to deal with social sensing data.

大数据的兴起,对理解我们的社会经济环境,带来新的契机。我们使用 “社会感知” 之概念,称呼此般个人层级的广大地理空间数据及相关的分析方法。“感知”一词,意味着数据的两种本质。首先,它们可被视为遥测的的模拟与补充,因为大数据可以有效捕捉社会经济特徵,而传统的遥测数据则不具此一优势。再者,在社会感知数据中,每个个体,皆扮演着感应器的角色。本文在概念上,将社会感知与遥测进行连结,并指出应用社会感知数据及相关分析方法时的主要问题。我们同时主张,社会感知数据,包含了有关空间互动与地方语义学的丰富信息,并超出传统遥测数据的范畴。在即将来临的大数据时代中,地理信息科学家,应该探讨使用社会感知数据的理论,例如数据再现性与质量,并发展应对社会感知数据的崭新工具。

La aparición del concepto de los big data [grandes datos, o datos masivos] nos brinda otra perspectiva para entender mejor nuestros entornos socioeconómicos. En este contexto, utilizamos los términos percepción social para distinguir aquellos datos geoespaciales masivos a nivel individual y los métodos de análisis asociados. La palabra percepción sugiere datos de doble naturaleza. Primero, estos pueden verse como una analogía y complemento de la percepción remota, en la medida en que los datos masivos pueden captar bien los rasgos socioeconómicos, en tanto que los datos convencionales de la percepción remota no tienen tal privilegio. En segundo término, en los datos de la percepción social, cada individuo juega el papel de un sensor. Este artículo enlaza conceptualmente la percepción social con la percepción remota e identifica las cuestiones mayores cuando se aplican datos de percepción social y la ciencia del análisis asociada. También sugerimos que los datos de percepción social contienen una rica información acerca de las interacciones espaciales y la semántica del lugar, que llegan más allá del ámbito de los datos tradicionales de la percepción remota. En la era de los big data que se avecina, los científicos de la información geográfica deberán investigar las teorías sobre el uso de datos de percepción social, tales como representatividad de los datos y calidad, y desarrollar nuevas herramientas para lidiar con los datos de la percepción social.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Professor M.-P. Kwan and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Professors L. Bian, G. Chi, Y. Chai, M. Goodchild, Q. Guo, X. Li, L. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Lu, L. Mu, Q. Qin, S.-L. Shaw, M.-H. Tsou, F. Wang, L. Wang, and X. Yao have provided helpful input. Our thanks go to them.

Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41271386), Open Foundation of Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Urban Planning and Decision Making (Grant UPDMHITSZ2014A01), and State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System.

Note

Notes

1 From their original meanings, social media and social networking are distinct. In general, social media services (e.g., Twitter) focus on sharing information but social networking services (e.g., Facebook) pay much attention to connecting with others. Both of them provide similar functions, such as posting contents with locational information and maintaining relationships among users. In this article, we simply use social media for these services.

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