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Conceptualizing and Analyzing Mobility

Developing a Framework for the Spaces and Spatialities of Transportation and Mobilities

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Pages 257-265 | Received 01 Dec 2014, Accepted 01 Jun 2015, Published online: 04 Jan 2016
 

Abstract

Recent debates over space and spatiality have touched on a variety of different fields within geography but have rarely considered transportation or mobilities. Mobile objects and actors can be seen as occupying space only temporarily; as constructing space through their travels (including waiting to travel); as being present and absent before, after, and during their travels; or a host of other possibilities that complicate the geographer's basic question: What is where? A theoretical consideration of the spatialities of transportation and mobilities could offer new analytic tools not only for scholars in these areas but for those interested in the production of space more broadly. It also offers the possibility to bring together transportation geography and mobilities under one framework. This article draws on the work of Kamil Skrbek, a Czech geographer active in the twentieth century, to explore four kinds of spaces: spaces of movement, spaces of transportation, structural transportation space, and areas of transportation. These four types include different extents infrastructure, vehicles, and passengers; places through which these objects pass or bypass; social, cultural, and economic discourses and meanings; and lived experiences of those within and outside of various transportation networks. Using the example of the shipment of crude oil by rail within North America, we explicate how these different spaces are relevant to the issue and what they offer to an analysis of this important topic that existing approaches cannot.

晚近有关空间及空间性的辩论, 已触及地理学中的各种不同领域, 但却仍鲜少考量运输或能动性。移动的物体与行动者, 可被视为仅只是暂时性地佔据空间; 透过他们的移动建构空间 (包含等待移动); 作为其移动之前、之后和期间的在场与缺席; 或作为复杂化地理学者的基本问题 “何物于何处?” 的其他可能性之宿主。对于运输和能动性的空间性之理论考量, 不仅能够提供在这些领域中的学者崭新的分析工具, 同时能够更广泛地提供给对空间生产有兴趣的学者使用。此般考量, 亦提供了将运输地理与能动性同时置放在单一架构下的可能性。本文运用一位活跃于二十世纪的捷克地理学家斯卡贝克 (Kmil Skrbek) 的研究, 探讨四种空间: 活动的空间, 运输的空间, 结构的运输空间, 以及运输范围。这四种类型, 包含不同的范围基础建设、运输工具及乘客; 这些物体行经或绕过的地方; 社会、文化和经济论述及意义; 以及在各种运输网络之内与之外的生活经验。我们运用北美原油铁道运输的案例, 阐述这些不同的空间如何与该议题有关, 以及它们对于分析此般重要议题提供了什麽既有方法未能提供的分析。

Los recientes debates sobre espacio y espacialidad han tocado una variedad de campos diferentes dentro de la geografía, pero raramente han tomado en cuenta el transporte y las movilidades. Los objetos y actores móviles pueden visualizarse solamente como entes que ocupan espacio temporalmente; como actores que construyen espacio por medio de sus viajes (incluyendo la espera para viajar); como sujetos que están presentes y ausentes antes, después y durante sus viajes; o como un conjunto de otras posibilidades que complican el básico interrogante del geógrafo: ¿Qué es dónde? Una consideración teórica de las espacialidades del transporte y las movilidades podría ofrecer nuevas herramientas analíticas no solo para eruditos en estas áreas sino, con mayor amplitud, para los interesados en la producción de espacio. Ofrece también la posibilidad de integrar la geografía del transporte y las movilidades dentro de un solo marco. Este artículo se apoya en el trabajo de Kamil Skrbek, un geógrafo checo activo en el siglo XX, para explorar cuatro tipos de espacio: espacios de movimiento, espacios de transporte, espacio estructural del transporte, y áreas de transporte. Estos cuatro tipos incluyen diferentes extensiones de infraestructura, vehículos y pasajeros; lugares a través de los cuales cruzan o se desvían estos objetos; discursos y significados sociales, culturales y económicos; y experiencias vitales de quienes estuvieron dentro o fuera de varias redes de transporte. Usando el ejemplo del envío de petróleo crudo por tren en Norteamérica, explicamos cómo estos diferentes espacios importan para este tema y qué ofrecen para un análisis de tan importante tópico que no puedan ofrecer los enfoques existentes.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Andrew Goetz and the three anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this article. Any remaining errors are the responsibility of the authors. This research was not externally funded.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Julie Cidell

JULIE CIDELL is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography and GIS at the University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign, IL 61820. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include critical approaches to transport and the relationship between local governments and urban sustainability.

Devon Lechtenberg

DEVON LECHTENBERG is an independent scholar in Chicago, Illinois. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include government institutions and policies relating to transport and mobilities.

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