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Notes
[1] It was only in 1977 that the Fraser government began to set quotas for Indochinese immigrants. In 1975, when the first major wave of immigration occurred, there was no mention of even the existence of Indochinese refugees.
[2] The Australian Crime Commission's Biannual report (2012) records 964 asylum seeker deaths at sea between October 2001 and June 2012. According to the Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, just in the period from July 2010 to June 2011, within Australian detention centres there were: 7 deaths, 93 psychiatric hospital admissions, 1320 occurrences of voluntary starvation, 112 injuries requiring hospital admission and 312 cases of self-harm requiring hospital admission (2013, retrieved 2 September 2013).
[3] The SIEVX memorial in Canberra, which commemorates the drowning of 353 asylum seekers on the ‘Suspected Illegal Entry Vessel X’ in 2001, initially faced multiple difficulties in being officially recognised as a legitimate memorial by local government.
[4] As suggested at the Sydney Aboriginal Passport Ceremony in 2012.