90
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

International Mindedness in Emerging Contexts of International Schooling. Cyprus, A Case Study

, ORCID Icon &
Published online: 14 Feb 2024
 

ABSTRACT

International Mindedness (IM) has become an underpinning philosophy of the International Baccalaureate and schools which adopt its programmes. However, the concept of IM is relevant to any school that offers international education given its potential and importance to drive the school’s mindset and mission. The international school market has grown significantly in terms of the number of schools and their diversity. Increasing in popularity are schools that follow the British-based International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) and A-level programmes. Moreover, the dgreatest expansion of international schools is now occurring in local markets, in which students are no longer predominantly expatriates but come from the host countries. This study explores the concept of international mindedness in six international schools in Cyprus. Based on data collected from headteachers and teachers, we argue that international mindedness is applicable in various contexts of international schooling and that factors other than the curriculum can affect its development within a school.

6. Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

8. References

  • Bailey, L. (2015) The experiences of host country nationals in international schools: a case study from Malaysia, Journal of Research in International Education, 14 (2), 85–97. doi: 10.1177/1475240915590557.
  • Barratt Hacking, E., Blackmore, C., Bullock, K., Bunnell, T., Donnelly, M. and Martin, S. (2016) The International-Mindedness Journey: School Practices for Developing and Assessing International Mindedness Across the IB Continuum (International Baccalaureate Organization). Available at: https://www.ibo.org/globalassets/new-structure/research/pdfs/international-mindedness-final-report-2017-en.pdf.
  • Barratt Hacking, E., Blackmore, C., Bullock, K., Bunnell, T., Donnelly, M. and Martin, S. (2018) International mindedness in practice: the evidence from international baccalaureate schools, Journal of Research in International Education, 17 (1), 3–16. doi: 10.1177/1475240918764722.
  • Beek, A. E. (2016) Contextual Interpretations of International-Mindedness in International Baccalaureate Diploma Program Students (University of Calgary. Ph.D. thesis). Available at: https://prism.ucalgary.ca/items/04a77e11-58d2-48f3-b6c2-e8f391ead041.
  • Belal, S. (2017) Participating in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme: developing international mindedness and engagement with local communities, Journal of Research in International Education, 16 (1), 18–35. doi: 10.1177/1475240917702789.
  • Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2021) Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide (London, Sage).
  • Brooks, R. and Waters, J. (2015) The hidden internationalism of elite English schools, Sociology, 49 (2), 212–228. doi: 10.1177/0038038514525517.
  • Brummitt, N. and Keeling, A. (2013) Charting the growth of international schools. In R. Pearce (Ed.) International Education and Schools: Moving Beyond the First 40 Years (London, Bloomsbury), 25–36.
  • BSME. (2023) British Schools in the Middle East. Available at: bsme.org.uk.
  • Bunnell, T. (2014) The Changing Landscape of International Schooling: Implications for Theory and Practice (London, Routledge).
  • Bunnell, T. (2019) International Schooling and Education in the ‘New Era’ (Bingley, Emerald Publishing Limited). doi: 10.1108/9781787695412.
  • Bunnell, T. (2021) The crypto-growth of ‘international schooling’: emergent issues and implications, Educational Review, 74 (1), 39–56. doi: 10.1080/00131911.2021.1907316.
  • Bunnell, T., Courtois, A. and Donnelly, M. (2020) British elite private schools and their overseas branches: unexpected actors in the global education industries, British Journal of Educational Studies, 68 (6), 691–712. doi: 10.1080/00071005.2020.1728227.
  • Bunnell, T., Donnelly, M., Lauder, H. and Whewall, S. (2022) International mindedness as a platform for class solidarity, Compare: a Journal of Comparative and International Education, 52 (5), 712–728. doi: 10.1080/03057925.2020.1811639.
  • Bunnell, T., Fertig, M. and James, C. (2016) What is international about international schools? An institutional legitimacy perspective, Oxford Review of Education, 42 (4), 408–423. doi: 10.1080/03054985.2016.1195735.
  • Bunnell, T. and Poole, A. (2021) Precarity and Insecurity in International Schooling: New Realities and New Visions (Bingley, Emerald Group Publishing).
  • Cambridge, J. and Thompson, J. (2004) Internationalism and globalization as contexts for international education, Compare: a Journal of Comparative and International Education, 34 (2), 161–175. doi: 10.1080/0305792042000213994.
  • Cause, L. (2011) International mindedness: a field of struggle, confusion and hope, Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11 (7), 34–40.
  • COBIS. (2023) The Council of British International Schools. Available at: Home – Council of British International Schools (cobis.org.uk).
  • Crawford, E. (2015) Perpetuating Britishness, Journal of Language and Politics, 14 (6), 729–750. doi: 10.1075/jlp.14.6.01cra.
  • Creswell, J. W. and Plano Clark, V. L. (2011) Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd edn) (Los Angeles, SAGE Publications).
  • Cyprus Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth. (2022) Private Primary and Secondary Education. Available at: http://www.moec.gov.cy/en/private_education.html (accessed 20 May 2022).
  • Damala, D. (2008) American Academy Larnaca Centary 1908–2008 (Larnaca, Cyprus, American Academy Larnaca).
  • Demetriades, K. (2018) The English School, Nicosia 1900–1960, a Historical Account from Its Founding to the End of the British Rule (Nicosia, Geranium Publications).
  • Dewey, N. (2017) International Mindedness: Conceptualizations and Curriculum in an International School in Brazil (University of Minnesota. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation). Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/188850.
  • Doherty, C. and Li, M. (2011) Producing the intercultural citizen in the international Baccalaureate. In F. Dervin, A. Gajardo, and A. Lavanchy (Eds) Politics of Interculturality (Newcastle Upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing), 173–197.
  • Elerian, M. and Solomou, E. A. (2023) International or internationalised? Exploring issues faced by international schools in local markets: a Cyprus case study, Journal of Research in International Education. doi: 10.1177/14752409231160712.
  • Elerian, M., Solomou, E. A. and Papanastaiou, E. (2022) Native, cosmopolitan, or Cypriot? Identity development and sense of belonging among international school students in Cyprus, Cyprus Review, 34 (2), 41–70.
  • Emenike, N. W. and Plowright, D. (2017) Third culture indigenous kids: neo-colonialism and student identities in Nigerian international schools, Journal of Research in International Education, 16 (1), 3–17. doi: 10.1177/1475240917692757.
  • Fitzsimons, S. (2019) Students’ (inter) national identities within international schools: a qualitative study, Journal of Research in International Education, 18 (3), 274–291. doi: 10.1177/1475240919889823.
  • FSI. (2023) Finnish Schools International. Available at: https://finnish.school/.
  • Gardner-McTaggart, A. (2018) The promise of advantage: Englishness in IB international schools, Perspectives: policy and Practice in Higher Education, 22 (4), 109–114. doi: 10.1080/13603108.2018.1456491.
  • Gigliotti-Labay, J. (2010) Fulfilling Its Missions? The Promotion of International Mindedness in IB DP Programmes (University of Houston. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis).
  • Harwood, R. and Bailey, K. (2012) Defining and evaluating international mindedness in a school context, International Schools Journal, 31 (2), 77–86.
  • Hayden, M. and Thompson, J. (2013) International Schools and International Education Improving Teaching Management and Quality (London, Routledge).
  • Haywood, T. (2007) A simple typology of international-mindedness and its implications for education. In M. Hayden, J. Levy, and J. Thompson (Eds) The Sage Handbook of Research in International Education (London, Sage), 79–89.
  • Haywood, T. (2015) International mindedness and its enemies. In M. Hayden, J. Levy, and J. Thompson (Eds) The SAGE Handbook of Research in International Education (London, Sage), 45–58.
  • Heyward, M. (2002) From international to intercultural: redefining the international school for a globalized world, Journal of Research in International Education, 1 (1), 9–32. doi: 10.1177/147524090211002.
  • Hill, I. (2012) Evolution of education for international mindedness, Journal of Research in International Education, 11 (3), 245–261. doi: 10.1177/1475240912461990.
  • Hill, I. (2014) Internationally minded schools as cultural artefacts: implications for principalship, Journal of Research in International Education, 13 (3), 175–189. doi: 10.1177/1475240914556199.
  • Hill, I. (2015a) The history and development of international mindedness. In M. Hayden, J. Levy, and J. Thompson (Eds) The SAGE Handbook of Research in International Education (London, Sage), 28–43. doi: 10.4135/9781473943506.n2.
  • Hill, I. (2015b) What is an international school? Part one, International Schools Journal, 35 (1), 60–70.
  • Hinrichs, J. (2003) A comparison of levels of international understanding among students of the international Baccalaureate diploma and advanced placement programs in the USA, Journal of Research in International Education, 2 (3), 331–348. doi: 10.1177/1475240903002003005.
  • Hurley, T. (2006) International-Mindedness in An International School in Cairo (Egypt, Walden University. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis).
  • ISC. (2023) Data on International Schools. Available at: https://iscresearch.com/data/ (accessed 12 April 2023).
  • Kaiser, T. (2019) The Tacit Dimension: Understanding International Mindedness in Hong Kong International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Schools (University of Bristol. Ph.D. dissertation).
  • Khail, L. (2019) International Schooling: A Sociocultural Study (University of Southampton. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis).
  • Lai, C., Shum, M. S. K. and Bennan, Z. (2014) International mindedness in an Asian context: the case of the international Baccalaureate in Hong Kong, Educational Research, 56 (1), 77–96. doi: 10.1080/00131881.2013.874159.
  • Leach, R. (1969) International Schools and Their Role in the Field of International Education (Oxford, Pergamon Press).
  • Levenson, L. and Resnik, J. (2021) Between ethnonational and international curricula: competing identity discourses in the Armenian school in Jerusalem, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 42 (2), 213–228. doi: 10.1080/01425692.2021.1877528.
  • Lockhart, C. (2013) Bringing international mindedness into the classroom. In L. Stagg (Ed.) International Mindedness Global Perspectives for Learners and Educators (London, Urbane Publications Ltd.), 79–90.
  • McCandless, T., Rahimi, M. and Chandir, H. (2019) Teacher Conceptualisations and Enactments of International-Mindedness in PYP Programmes in Australian and Singaporean IB (The Hague, Netherlands, International Baccalaureate Organization).
  • McGowan, C. M. (2016) Teachers’ Definitions, Perceptions, and Understandings of International Mindedness (George Mason University. Ph.D. thesis). Available at: http://mars.gmu.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1920/10563/McGowan_gmu_0883E_11242.pdf?seq%20uence=1&isAllowed=y.
  • Merryfield, M., Augustine, T., Choi, M., Harshman, J. and McClimans, M. (2012) Teacher Thinking on Developing Informed and Engaged Students for a Globally Connected World: Report on the Study (The Hague, International Baccalaureate).
  • Mitchell, L. A. (2014) Principle, Practice, and Mindset: Understanding an internationally-minded context for teaching and learning (Ontario, Canada, Queen’s University Kingston. Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
  • Nguyen, T. and Nguyen, H. (2017) Thinking globally or ‘glocally’? Bilingual identity of Vietnamese international school students, International Journal of Educational Research, 85, 24–32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijer.2017.06.001.
  • Ozmatyatli, I. O. and Ozkul, A. E. (2013) Twentieth Century British colonialism in Cyprus through education, Egitim Arastirmalari-Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 50, 1–20.
  • Pearce, S. (2023) Internationally-national schools: a critical review of this developing sector and the frameworks that define international schools, Research in Comparative & International Education, 18 (3), 351–372. doi: 10.1177/17454999231167948.
  • Poole, A. (2020) Decoupling Chinese internationalised schools from normative constructions of the international school, Compare: a Journal of Comparative and International Education, 50 (3), 447–454. doi: 10.1080/03057925.2019.1682839.
  • Poole, A. and Bunnell, T. (2023) Diluting, decoupling, and dovetailing: considering new metaphors for understanding the changing international school landscape in China, Journal of Research in International Education. doi: 10.1177/14752409231160710.
  • Savva, M. and Stanfield, D. (2018) International-mindedness: deviations, incongruities and other challenges facing the concept, Journal of Research in International Education, 17 (2), 179–193. doi: 10.1177/1475240918793954.
  • Singh, M. and Qi, J. (2013) Twenty-First Century International Mindedness: An Exploratory Study of Its Conceptualisation and Assessment (Penrith, NSW, University of Western Sydney). Available at: http://www.uws.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/558529/21st_Century_International_Mindedness.pdf.
  • Sizmur, J. and Cunningham, R. (2012) International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (MYP) in The UK (Slough, Berkshire, National Foundation for Educational Research). Available at: ibmyp-finalnferreport-plussupplementaryanalyses.pdf ibo.org.
  • Sriprakash, A., Singh, M. and Qi, J. (2014) A Comparative Study of International Mindedness in the IB Diploma Programme in Australia, China and India (International Baccalaureate Organization). Available at: https://researchdirect.westernsydney.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:30446/datast.
  • Tarc, P. and Beatty, L. (2012) The emergence of the International Baccalaureate Diploma in Ontario: diffusion, pilot study and prospective research, Canadian Journal of Education, 35 (4), 341–375. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/canajeducrevucan.35.4.341.
  • Terwilliger, R. I. (1972) International schools—cultural crossroads, The Educational Forum, 36 (3), 359–363. doi: 10.1080/00131727209338990.
  • Tocci, C., Ryan, A., Ensminger, D., Rismiati, C. and Moughania, A. (2021) Teaching for international mindedness in Chicago Public Schools International Baccalaureate humanities classes, Social Studies Research & Practice, 17 (1), 30–49. doi: 10.1108/SSRP-09-2020–0040.
  • Vaught, C. (2015) The Internationalization of K-12 Education: A Case Study of an International School in the Asia-Pacific Region (University of Minesota. Ph.D. thesis). Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/177087.
  • Walker, G. (2006) Educating the Global Citizen (London, John Catt).
  • Whitmarsh, D. (2023) How does the International Baccalaureate’s Interpretation of International Mindedness Develop in Learners Over Time? A Case Study of an Elite, IB Continuum, International School in a Tier 1 City on Mainland China (University of Bath. Ph.D. thesis). Available at: Microsoft Word - David Whitmarsh - PhD Thesis - Minor Corrections Final copy (Feb 11 2023).docx ( bath.ac.uk)
  • Wu, W. and Koh, A. (2022) Being ‘international’ differently: a comparative study of transnational approaches to international schooling in China, Educational Review, 74 (1), 57–75. doi: 10.1080/00131911.2021.1887819.

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 53.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 417.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.