Soft wheat instead of hard wheat in pelleted diets results in high starch digestibility in broiler chickens

Abstract

1. The aim of the experiment was to re-examine variations in digestibilities of food components in 3-week-old broiler chickens fed on pelleted diets based on wheats differing in lipase activity and hardness. Fourteen wheat (Triticum aestivum) samples, each from a different cultivar, were included at 550 g /kg in 14 different diets given to male Ross broiler chicks from 7 d of age. The other main ingredients consisted of soyabean meal (353 g /kg) and rapeseed oil (55 g /kg). A 15th diet containing durum wheat (Triticum durum) was also tested.

2. Hardness of wheats (Triticum aestivum) varied between 14 (very soft) and 88 (very hard), and lipase activity of wheats varied from 1 to 13·1 (relative scale). No significant correlation was found between in vitro viscosities and other parameters such as hardness, particle size of wheat flours and lipase. Hardness was correlated with the mean particle size of wheat flours and durability of pellets.

3. Individual lipid digestibilities were negatively correlated with in vitro viscosities of wheats.

4. Individual starch digestibilities were negatively correlated with wheat hardness, particle size of wheat flour before pelleting, and pellet durability. The ratio of measured AME_N to predicted AME_N was also negatively correlated with wheat hardness. Simple regression calculation showed that a 100-point increase in wheat hardness resulted in a 3% decrease in the AME_N value of diets. Multiple regression calculation showed the food/gain ratio (d 10 to d 21) to be positively related to wheat hardness and negatively related to pellet durability.

5. Wheat lipase activity was positively correlated with individual starch digestibility, which was the reverse of a result obtained in a previous experiment. Thus, wheat lipase activity did not seem consistent for predicting starch digestibility and AME_N values.

6. Among all wheat samples, durum wheat showed the highest protein content and the lowest content of water-insoluble cell-wall. Starch digestibility of durum wheat tended to be lower than that of other wheats (0·916 vs 0·936). However, no significant difference in AME_N was observed between the durum wheat sample and other wheats.

7. Gut morphometric data measured at d 24 did not show significant differences between dietary treatments.

Acknowledgments

We thank the Tecaliman company (Nantes, France) for their help with the process of wheat grinding. We also thank the Poultry Experimental Unit (INRA, Nouzilly) for their helpful assistance in the management of birds.