Productive performance of Creole chickens and their crosses raised under semi-intensive management conditions in Yucatan, Mexico

Abstract

1. The productive performance of 4 chicken breed groups managed under semi-intensive conditions in Yucatan, Mexico was evaluated. Thirty-six mixed chickens, one week of age of each of the 4 breed groups (Creole, F₁ Hubbard × Creole, 7/8 Hubbard × 1/8 Creole and Hubbard) were used.

2. During 1 to 3 weeks of age all birds were fed on a diet containing 210 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 12·95 MJ/kg metabolisable energy (ME). From weeks 4 to 7, they were given a diet with 190 g/kg CP and 12·55 MJ/kg ME. Food consumption and live body weight were recorded weekly. Statistical analysis of the data was performed according to complete randomised design and means comparison using Tukey test was carried out when necessary.

3. Creole chicks had the lightest weights at all ages as compared to their crosses and the Hubbard birds. At 7 weeks of age, Creole chicks were 2·11, 2·44 and 2·90 times lighter than their contemporary F₁, 7/8 Hubbard × 1/8 Creole and Hubbard birds, respectively. Hubbard birds were heavier than F₁ and 7/8 commercial × 1/8 Creole birds, and the latter group heavier than the F₁ birds. Similarly, Creole chicks had the lowest growth rate compared to the other genetic groups. Heterosis for body weight up to 7 weeks of age was 8·2%.

4. Feed consumption was also lower for the Creole chicks at all ages. Food:gain ratio, however, was higher for the Creole chicks at all ages. Food:gain ratios from weeks 2 to 7 were 2·18, 2·65, 3·04 and 4·36 for the Hubbard, 7/8 Hubbard × 1/8 Creole, F₁ and Creole birds, respectively. Heterosis for food:gain ratio from 2 to 7 weeks of age was −7·0%.

5. Crossbreeding of Mexican Creole birds with commercial type broilers might improve productive performance.