Variation in precaecal amino acid and energy digestibility between pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars determined using a linear regression approach

Abstract

1. An experiment was conducted to study the variation in the precaecal amino acid (AA) and energy digestibility of 4 cultivars of white-flowering peas (Pisum sativum) for broiler chickens. The 4 cultivars were grown and harvested under the same agronomic and environmental conditions.

2. One basal diet and 8 diets including each pea cultivar at inclusion rates of either 150 or 300 g/kg were used. Peas were included at the expense of starch. Hence, the differences in dietary crude protein and AA concentrations resulted only from the inclusion of peas. Titanium dioxide was included as an indigestible marker.

3. Crude protein concentrations in the complete diets ranged from 164 to 244 g/kg. All diets were fed ad libitum to broiler chickens between 14 and 21 d of age. Seven pens of 12 chickens were allocated to each treatment. Digesta were sampled on a pen basis from the section of the gastrointestinal tract between Meckel's diverticulum and 2 cm anterior to the ileo-caeco-colonic junction.

4. The proportions of crude protein and AAs digested responded linearly to increased intake and the relationships between quantitative intake and digested amounts of AAs were described by multiple linear regressions. The slope determined for each pea cultivar was taken as a measure of AA digestibility without the need for consideration of basal endogenous crude protein and AA secretions.

5. Digestibility of AAs in peas ranged from 0·60 to 0·91. One cultivar had significantly lower AA digestibilities than the other three cultivars. This could be explained neither by the trypsin inhibitor activity nor by tannin levels. The AAs with the highest digestibilities in all cultivars were arginine > glutamic acid > lysine > methionine > phenylalanine > leucine. The AAs with the consistently lowest digestibilities were cystine < threonine. The ranking of the remaining AAs varied slightly between cultivars.

6. The multiple linear regression approach is suitable to study differences in AA digestibilities without the need for consideration of basal endogenous AA losses.

7. Diets containing 300 g/kg of peas had significantly lower energy digestibilities than the pea-free basal diet. The pea cultivar with the lowest AA digestibility caused the lowest energy digestibility at both levels of pea inclusion.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support given for this study by the Union zur Förderung des Absatzes von Proteinpflanzen (UFOP), Berlin. We are grateful for the support given in tannin analyses by Dr Edda-Maria Ott from the Institut für Umweltgerechte Tierhaltung, Universität Rostock.