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Abstract
1. Anticoccidials are widely used as food additives to prevent and treat coccidiosis. They are licensed for use in a prescribed concentration and during a specific time interval with broilers and pullets, but not for laying hens.
2. This study was set up to develop a new high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to detect clazuril (CZ: (±)-2-chloro-α-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2(3H)-yl)-benzeneacetonitrile) in egg yolk and albumen and in plasma; to investigate both the presence of residues of CZ in eggs and its pharmacokinetic behaviour in laying hens.
3. A single oral dose (3 mg/kg BW) and multiple oral doses (3 mg/kg BW for 5 d) were investigated. The analytical method gave very good recovery (64 to 74%) in the three different matrices (yolk, albumen and plasma); precision and accuracy were within 11%.
4. After a single dose no residue was detected in eggs collected for up to 10 d, while following multiple dose treatment, CZ residues were detected until 10 d after the end of treatment. The concentration of the drug was higher in yolk than in albumen with a maximum ratio of 10 : 1.
5. Pharmacokinetics of CZ in laying hens after a single dose showed a detectable concentration of the drug up to 24 h. It reached a steady state after the third administration in multiple dosing.
6. Although further studies are necessary, these results indicate that a single oral dose of CZ could be used as an anticoccidial for laying hens due to the lack of residues in eggs.