The effect of dietary energy:protein ratio, protein quality and food allocation on the efficiency of utilisation of protein by broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. Various theories have been proposed to explain the reduced performance of broilers when given feeds excessively high in protein, but a satisfactory solution to this problem had, up to now, not been found. Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the efficiency of utilisation of protein (e_p) is a linear–plateau function of the ratio between the feed apparent metabolisable energy and digestible crude protein contents (AMEn:DCP) and that dietary protein quality, feed allocation and sex do not influence this relationship.

2. A ‘linear–plateau’ model successfully described the efficiency of protein utilisation (e_p) as a function of AMEn:DCP in all three experiments. In Experiment 1, with both sexes being both ad libitum and control fed, the breakpoint was at 58.6 MJ AMEn/kg DCP. In Experiment 2, both sexes were fed balanced and unbalanced protein series, and at different rates, the slopes of the ascending part of the linear–plateau relationships for the different treatments were the same for all treatments (0.0204), and the inflection point was at 71 MJ AMEn/kg DCP. Using similar treatments in Experiment 3, the breakpoint for the balanced protein was 72 MJ/kg and for the unbalanced, 64, with a combined slope of 68 MJ AMEn/kg DCP.

3. The three experiments provide adequate evidence that e_p is a linear–plateau function of the dietary AMEn:DCP ratio with a breakpoint of around 66.2 ± 1.98 MJ AMEn/kg DCP. Below this critical ratio, food intake declines as does protein and lipid retention.

4. That broilers, like pigs, exhibit an energy-dependent phase when high-protein feeds are offered is of practical importance when formulating pre-starter feeds for broilers and starter feeds for turkey poults as the e_p of such feeds may well fall below the maximum due to the lack of dietary energy required to process the high dietary protein contained in such feeds resulting in poorer performance than expected.

KEYWORDS:

• Broilers
• feed formulation
• nutrition
• protein efficiency
• turkeys

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr Colin Fisher and Gerry Emmans for their considerable input into this research.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.