The drying temperature and the moisture content at harvest affect the apparent metabolisable energy of two maize varieties in broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. The grain drying process may affect the feeding value of maize but until now, no general consensus has been reached. This knowledge is essential to manage maize nutritional value in feed and ensure optimal growth performance of broiler chickens.

2. A total of 72 male Ross 308 were used in a complete randomised block design to assess the effect of initial moisture content (MC) at harvest (high or low MC after the appearance of the black layer) and drying temperature (54°C, 90°C or 125°C) on the apparent faecal digestibility and the AMEn value of two maize grain types (flint and flint-dent varieties). Moreover, the relationship between in vitro dry matter digestibility coefficient (IVDMD) and salt-soluble protein (SSP) content of dried maize grain with AMEn was assessed.

3. High drying temperature (125°C) significantly decreased the AMEn (by 0.41 MJ/kg) of the maize. Maize with high-moisture content at harvest had significantly higher AMEn than maize with low moisture content (0.38 MJ/kg) depending on the variety. Based on the combination of MC at harvest and drying temperature, an AMEn difference of about 0.65 MJ per kg of dry matter was measured during this experiment. The faecal digestibility of starch remained close to 98% with low variation between the treatments. The decrease in AMEn at high drying temperature was related to the decrease in non-starch organic matter retention (NSOM_R). IVDMD and SSP content were not correlated with AMEn of dried maize (R² < 0.1).

4. This study showed that using drying temperature below 90°C for maize grain harvested at high MC, just after the black layer development, can enhance its AMEn. The IVDMD and SSP content failed to predict the AMEn of the dried maize, but further research is required to validate the results of this study.

KEYWORDS:

• Broilers
• maize
• drying
• metabolisable energy
• prediction

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Nathalie Peclers, Sylvie Mabille, Lynn Doran and Romain Thomas of the University of Liège, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech for their technical support. The authors wish to express their thanks to Hélène Soyeurt (Laboratoire de Statistique, Informatique et Modélisations appliquées à la bioingénierie, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech) for her advice on statistical analyses.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by the Direction Génerale Opérationnelle de l’Agriculture, des Ressources Naturelles et de l’Environnement of Walloon government through the project MAISECVOL.