Scanning electron microscopic observations on the intestinal villi in growing white leghorn and broiler chickens from 1 to 30 days of age

Abstract

1. To obtain intestinal morphological data demonstrating the faster growth rate in broiler (BR) than in White Leghorn (WL) chickens, villi of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were examined from 1 to 30 d of age by scanning electron microscopy. 2. At the first day after hatching, villi of each intestinal segment showed a finger‐like shape in both breeds. Villi developed to a plate‐like shape in the duodenum, a wave‐like shape in the jejunum and a tongue‐like shape in the ileum at 30 d of age via the common plate‐like villi at 10 d of age. The fundamental villous shape and arrangement seem to be accomplished by 10 d of age; two types of obliquely elongated plate‐like villi showed a zigzag arrangement, adjoining at an angle of 40° to 60° like an oblique T‐shape. It is suggested that such a villous arrangement would be more effective for nutrient absorption by inducing a long zigzag flow of ingesta.

3. Compared with WL, even at the first day after hatching BR had many more developed epithelial cell protrusions over the whole apical surface of the duodenal villi. In WL the protrusions were not so apparent and located only in the central area of the villous tip. Furthermore, at 10 d of age BR showed more developed and larger villi, many wider microvilli at the apical portion of villi and more active extrusions of epithelial cells from the tip of the duodenal and jejunal villi.

4. These morphological characteristics of villi in early life in BR suggest a greater absorptive surface area and a more active intestinal function, permitting the faster growth rate of BR immediately after hatching.