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Abstract
This paper demonstrates the importance for entrepreneurship of historical contexts and processes, and the co-evolution of institutions, practices, discourses and cultural norms. Drawing on discourse and institutional theories, it develops a model of the entrepreneurial field, and applies this in analysing the rise to global prominence of the Indian telecommunications industry. The article uses entrepreneurial life histories to show how various discourses and discursive processes ultimately worked to generate change and the creation of new business opportunities. It suggests that entrepreneurship involves more than individual acts of business creation, but also implies collective endeavours to shape the future direction of the entrepreneurial field.
Notes
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51. Tomlinson, The Economy of Modern India, 172–85.
52. Ibid., 156–213.
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54. Denoon, ‘Cycles in Indian Economic Liberalization’.
55. Desai, India's Telecommunication Industry.
56. Metcalf and Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India, 235.
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58. Chowdary, ‘Telecom Reforms’, 2085.
59. McDowell, Globalization, Liberalization and Policy Change; Mody, ‘State Consolidation’; Petrazzini, ‘Telecommunications Policy’.
60. McDowell, Globalization, Liberalization and Policy Change, 135.
61. Athreya, ‘India's Telecommunications Policy’; Desai, India's Telecommunication Industry; McDowell, Globalization, Liberalization and Policy Change; Mody, ‘State Consolidation’.
62. McDowell, Globalization, Liberalization and Policy Change, 161.
63. Pitroda, ‘Development, Democracy’, 2.
64. Ibid., 6.
65. Ibid., 7.
66. Chhaya, Sam Pitroda, 122–3.
67. Ibid.
68. McDowell, Globalization, Liberalization and Policy Change, 138.
69. Centre for Development of Telematics (CDOT): http://www.cdot.co.in/about_us/brief_history.htm (accessed 21 May 2012).
70. Maclean et al., ‘Dominant Corporate Agents’; Maclean et al., ‘Managerialism’.
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72. Maclean et al., ‘Dominant Corporate Agents’.
73. Chakravartty, ‘Telecom, National Development and the Indian State’, 241.
74. Chowdary, ‘Politics and Economics’, 13.
75. Tripathi, The Oxford History of Indian Business, 319–25.
76. Pedersen, ‘Explaining Economic Liberalization’.
77. TRAI, The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators.
78. Sanghvi, Men of Steel, 23.
79. Ibid., 23.
80. Ibid., 23.
81. Mittal, Interview.
82. Sanghvi, Men of Steel, 24.
83. http://www.airtel.in/.
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87. Seo and Creed, ‘Institutional Contradictions’.
88. Reed and Mukherjee, Corporate Governance.
89. Foucault, Governmentality.
90. Davis et al., Management in India.
91. Kapila, Indian Economy.