Abstract
Disaster management is a neglected area of British business history. Industrial disasters led to significant loss of life and imposed considerable costs on firms involved. This article examines the emergence of a network of mine rescue stations across UK coalfields in the early twentieth century, making use of previously overlooked records of mine rescue station boards. Pioneering mine rescue stations were established in Yorkshire at coalowners’ initiative in 1901 and 1902, a few years before provision of rescue stations and breathing apparatus became mandatory. As well as rescue operations, these facilities were used to put out colliery fires and restore damaged mines. The involvement of coalowners in mine rescue also signalled that the industry was interested in miner safety at a time of growing unrest. The article concludes that there is scope for much more research into the early years of disaster management in the mines and in other industries.
Acknowledgements
I acknowledge internal REF funding from Sheffield Hallam University, and thank Chris Corker, Sarah Holland, and Alan Malpass for research assistance. I thank Jennifer Hillyard of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers for assistance, and archivists at Sheffield, Rotherham, and Leeds. An earlier version was presented at the Association of Business Historians conference at the Open University in June 2018.
Disclosure statement
The author has no conflicts of interest.
Notes
2 Financial crises and disasters have proved much more popular research topics, but here we focus on industrial disasters that cause physical as well as financial damage.
3 For example those of the Leicestershire and South Derbyshire rescue station at Ashby-de-la-Zouch are held by the Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland Record Office.
6 Other countries are no better served but lack of space precludes further discussion.
17 Singleton (2011, pp. 107–123).
23 Church and Outram (1986, pp 46–48).
25 Church and Outram (1986, pp. 82–83) and Baylies (Citation1993).
27 University of Leeds Archive, MS148/3, West Yorkshire Coal Owners’ Association, Minute Book no. 3.
31 Rotherham Archives and Local Studies [hereafter RALS], 63-B/6/4/8, The Yorkshire Coal-Owners’ Mutual Indemnity Company Limited, Memorandum and Articles of Association, 9 June 1898.
46 Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Advisory Council (Citation1918).
47 An Engineering Correspondent, “Rescue Work in Mines,” The Times, 18 March 1908, p. 3.
55 Redmayne and Pope(Citation1911). Whether lives would have been saved if apparatus had been nearby is unknown. With luck and discipline, miners could sometimes survive for several days if they built stoppings to protect themselves from gas. Punke (Citation2016).
56 Enoch Edwards, HC Deb., 16 June 1910, vol. 17, cols 1474-1480.
57 “Mr Keir Hardie on Pit Disasters: The Whitehaven Fire ‘Profits Against Safety.’” Manchester Guardian, 26 July 1910, p. 5.
58 “Accidents in Mines (Editorial).” The Times, 18 June 1910, p. 11.
59 University of Leeds Archive, MS148/3, West Yorkshire Coal Owners’ Association, Minute Book no. 3, Meeting on 28 June 1910.
62 For the most accessible overview, see McAdam and Davidson (Citation1955, pp. 5–21, 35–47). See also Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Advisory Council (Citation1918).
63 RALS, 185/B/9/1/1, Rotherham and District Rescue Station Board, Notes on a Visit to the Northumberland and Durham Fire and Rescue Station at Elswick, on Wednesday, Oct 1st 1913; Bremner (Citation1922).
67 RALS, 185/B/9/5, Rotherham and District Rescue Station Board, Rules and Regulations, 4 January 1916; Bulman and Mills (Citation1921, pp. 1–8, 13–36); Sheffield City Archives [hereafter SCA], COAL/Y2/5/7, Wath Joint Rescue Station, Organization, Establishment, Training and Rules, 1932; COAL/Y2/5/9, Wath Joint Rescue Station, Rule Book and Manual of Instruction, 1939.
74 “Life-saving in Mines.” Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, 3 April 1908, p. 9.
77 SCA, MD3479, Tankersley Note and Minute Book, undated, p. 6. By 2017, the former Tankersley joint rescue station was occupied by the Café 334 Coffee House and Bistro and the Skin & Tonic Beauty and Hair Salon.
78 SCA, MD3482, Tankersley Rescue Station (Formation) G.B. Walker to M.H. Habershon, 17 November 1898.
79 SCA, MD3482, M.H. Habershon to W. Allott, 31 October 1900; Habershon (Citation1900-1901).
80 Habershon, (Citation1904–1905, p. 256); SCA, MD3479, Tankersley Note and Minute Book, undated, p. 4.
82 SCA, COAL/Y2/1/1, Wath Rescue Station, minutes, 29 June 1906; 10 October 1906.
83 SCA, COAL/Y2/1/1, Wath Rescue Station, minutes, 25 November 1908; Note on Wath Rescue Station, 2 March 1910.
84 SCA, COAL/Y2/1/1, Wath Joint Rescue Station, minutes, 2 March 1910.
85 For an overview of the facilities at these stations (excepting Altofts and Doncaster) see TNA, DSIR36/417, Some Particulars of Brierley Rescue Station S. Yorkshire, November 1917; Record of Visits of the [Mine Rescue Apparatus Research] Committee to Rescue Stations in Yorkshire, November 28th and 29th 1917.
86 RALS, 185/B/9/1/1, Mines Accidents (Rescue and Aid) Act 1910: Statutory Rules and Orders, 1912, No. 347, Report for Presentation to a Meeting to be Held at Victoria Hotel, Sheffield, on Wednesday, May 15th, 1912, for the Purpose of Considering the Establishment of a Central Rescue Station.
87 RALS, 185/B/9/1/1, Rotherham and District Rescue Station Board, Minutes, 15 May 1912; 22 August 1912.
88 RALS, 185/B/9/1/1, Rotherham and District Rescue Station Board, Minutes, 17 January 1914.
89 RALS, 185/B/9/1/1, Rotherham and District Rescue Station Board, Summary Taken from Dr Naylor’s Notes, undated 1913; Record of Demonstrations with Various Apparatus at the New Rescue Station, 3 September 1913.
91 RALS, 185/8/9/1/2, Rotherham and District Rescue Station Board, General Meeting on March 31, 1914; Secretary’s Report & Balance Sheet for Year Ending 30 June 1915.
92 SCA, COAL/NC/10/6, South Yorkshire Coal Trades Association, Meeting at Sheffield re Amendment of Rescue Regulations etc, 28 June 1923; Buxton (Citation1979, p. 65).
94 SCA, COAL/NC/10/7, W. Hay to T.H.B. Young, 19 February 1929; RALS, 185/8/9/1/2, Rotherham and District Rescue Station Board, AGM minutes, 2 October 1929.
102 SCA, COAL/Y2/5/7, Wath Joint Rescue Station, Organization, Establishment, Training and Rules, 1932; COAL/Y2/5/9, Wath Joint Rescue Station, Rule Book and Manual of Instruction, 1939.
105 Royal Commission on Safety in Coal Mines (Citation1938, pp. 13–14).
106 RALS, 185/8/9/1/2, Rotherham and District Rescue Station Board, Meeting of Sub-committee Appointed to Meet the Rescue Workers, 5 March 1943.
114 “Mine Heroes.” Yorkshire Telegraph and Star, 7 July 1908, p. 8.
117 Our Correspondents, “Pit Disaster in Yorkshire.” The Times, 10 July 1912, p. 8.
118 Redmayne (Citation1913, pp. 9–23). Other disturbing aspects of the Cadeby disaster were debated in Parliament. Hansard HC Deb. 02 July 1913, vol 54, cc1972-99.
119 Redmayne, Report on the Explosions at Cadeby Main Colliery, pp. 23–24; RALS, 185/B/9/1/1, Rotherham and District Rescue Station Board, Notes of a Visit to Wath Rescue Station on Wednesday, October 2nd 1912; SCA, COAL/Y2/5/8, Wath Joint Rescue Station, Record of Occurrences and Occasions on which Apparatus have been used, undated.
120 SCA, COAL/Y2/1/1, Wath Rescue Station, Minutes, 4 October 1912.
121 A.W.M. “Don Valley Notes,” Yorkshire Telegraph and Star, 24 Sept. 1912, p. 4.
123 SCA, COAL/Y2/5/8, Wath Joint Rescue Station, Record of Occurrences and Occasions on which Apparatus have been Used, other than Practices, since the Station was Opened in 1908, 11 September 1933.
124 SCA, COAL/NC/10/6, Tankersley Joint Rescue Station, Occasions on Which Apparatus has been Used Underground, 28 July 1923.
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