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Articles

Patriotic history and anti-LGBT rhetoric in Zimbabwean politics

Pages 61-79 | Published online: 10 Mar 2017
 

Abstract

Over the past 20 years, President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and his political party, Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), have relied heavily on political rhetoric that demonizes lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons. In this paper, it is argued that the anti-LGBT political rhetoric in Zimbabwe is part of a larger program known as “patriotic history,” which emphasizes a particular kind of Zimbabwean identity to legitimize the continued rule of Mugabe and ZANU-PF. The value of combining patriotic history and political homophobia emerges out of the unique political and economic context which Mugabe’s regime found itself unable to adequately address. To illustrate how and why this has happened, the paper focuses on two key incidents: the 1995 Zimbabwe International Book Fair, and the public conversation over writing a new constitution between 2010 and 2013.

Résumé

Au cours de ces vingt dernières années, Robert Mugabe, le Président du Zimbabwe, et son parti politique, le ZANU-PF (Union nationale zimbabwéenne – Front Patriotique), se sont largement appuyés sur une rhétorique politique qui diabolise les personnes lesbiennes, gays, bisexuelles et transgenres (LGBT). Dans cet article, nous soutenons que cette rhétorique politique anti-LGBT au Zimbabwe est une composante d’une plus vaste stratégie, appelée « histoire patriotique », qui met l’accent sur un type particulier d’identité zimbabwéenne pour légitimer le maintien au pouvoir de Mugabe et du ZANU-PF. L’intérêt d’une combinaison d’histoire patriotique et d’homophobie politique émerge du contexte politico-économique unique auquel le régime de Mugabe s’est montré incapable de faire face de manière adéquate. Afin d’illustrer comment et pourquoi cela s’est produit, notre article se concentre sur deux incidents : la Foire internationale du livre du Zimbabwe en 1995 et les débats publics sur l’élaboration d’une nouvelle constitution entre 2010 et 2013.

Acknowledgements

An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2015 International Studies Association Conference in New Orleans, LA. I thank Momin Rahman and Michael Bosia for their comments on earlier drafts and the editors and anonymous reviewers of this journal for their careful and detailed feedback.

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