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Abstract
The authors numerically investigated the effect of changes in the fuel exit velocity and the cross-flow on the length, radiant fraction, and emission indices of pollutant species (NOx and CO), as well as the ratio NO2/NOx, of a high momentum jet flame in cross-flow. This flow configuration is of generic interest, and also practically relevant to flaring operations. The flow field is computed based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations incorporating the realizable k−ϵ turbulence closure. The combustion process is modeled using the unsteady Eulerian particle flamelet model based on the mixture fraction approach, and the heat loss by radiation is accounted for using the discrete ordinates method. Comparison of the predicted flame length and the trend of the emission indices with experimental measurements reveal good agreement for the range of jet-to-cross-flow momentum flux ratios investigated, namely 100–800.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
M. S. Lawal acknowledges the financial support of the Nigerian Government provided through the Petroleum Technology Development Fund's Overseas Scholarship Scheme (PTDF-OSS).
Notes
Note. The flame length used is made nondimensional by dividing it with the diameter of the jet exit.