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Abstract
In this study, a global soot model was developed and validated in three turbulent jet flames fueled by ethylene, methane, and kerosene, which represent lightly sooting, moderately sooting, and heavily sooting fuels, respectively. In this global soot model, soot chemistry was represented by mixture fraction, and the sooting propensities of different fuels are accounted by their laminar smoke point (LSP) heights, as derived from the flame similarity analysis. Two approaches, conditional moment closure (CMC) and alternative–conditional source-term estimation (A-CSE), for the interaction between soot chemistry and turbulent flow were investigated too. Soot was well predicted by this global soot model for all the three flames compared with the experimental measurements and previous predictions. Compared with complex CMC predictions, the comparable predictions by A-CSE in this study suggest that A-CSE could be a compromising solution for soot prediction in fires.