Effects of n-butanol addition on sooting tendency and formation of C₁ –C₂ primary intermediates of n-heptane/air mixture in a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile

ABSTRACT

Effects of n-butanol addition on the sooting tendency and formations of C₁ and C₂ primary intermediates of n-heptane/air mixtures were studied in a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile. Sooting tendency was investigated over equivalence ratios of 1.5–4.0 at a maximum wall temperature of 1300 K. Experimental observations indicated two types of flames: a flame alone (type I) or a flame with soot (type II). The critical sooting equivalence ratio, at which the flame switched from type I to type II, increased with the increase of butanol content in the fuel blend. Results show that the sooting tendency of n-heptane decreases as the amount of n-butanol is increased.

Computational results obtained using the Chemical Reaction Engineering and Chemical Kinetics mechanism show fair agreement with measurement results obtained at equivalence ratio of 2.0 and the maximum wall temperature of 1166 K. The validity in initial-stage reaction progress of existing mechanisms was examined.

KEY WORDS:

• Microcombustion
• polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
• soot precursors and oxygenated fuels

Acknowledgment

MHBMH expresses his gratitude to the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia (UTeM).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI [Grant Number JP16H06068].