ABSTRACT
In dry agricultural areas, plant uptake of nitrogen (N) stored in topsoil is limited as soil excessively dries up, especially in the late period of wheat growth. Deep N application is often suggested to ensure effectively use of water stored in the subsoil. This experiment was carried out in two different fields with different soils at Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute (TZARI) between 2012–2015 in the fallow-wheat rotation system. Efficiency of six different applications (1- deep Autumn 40 kg N ha−1(A40), 2- deep Autumn 20 kg N ha−1 (A20), 3-deep Spring 40 kg N ha−1(S40), 4- deep Spring 20 kg N ha−1(S20), 5- Traditional (T), 6- Control (C)) was investigated in Mufitbey and Bezostaja1 cultivars. The highest grain yield (4861 kg ha−1) was obtained in deep application of 20 kg N ha−1 in autumn, and the lowest grain yield (3969 kg ha−1) was obtained in control. Also, the highest protein content of 12.65% was obtained with deep N applications of 20 kg N ha−1 in autumn, while the lowest GPC (11.37%) was found in the control. Significant and high correlations occurred between nitrate content at 60 cm soil depth in the grain filling period and spike N uptake (r = 0.85, P < .001), GPC (r = 0.84 P < .001), farinograph number (r = 0.85, P < .05), development time (r = 0.83 P < .05) and yield (r = 0.96, P < .001). Significant occurred between Bezostaja1 and Müfitbey in rheological (dough) properties. The data showed that climate and soil conditions should be taken into account in deep N application in dryland wheat farming.
Abbreviations
GY | = | Grain Yied |
GPC | = | Grain Protein Content |
MSDS | = | Macro Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Sedimentation Volume |
TKW | = | One Thousand Kernel Weight |
TZARI | = | Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute |
BW | = | plant biomass weight |
TKW | = | thousand kernels weight |
SN | = | spike number per meter square |
GN | = | grain number per meter square |
GNspike | = | grain number per spike |
HI | = | harvest index |
(1) | = | Autumn 40 kg N ha−1(A40) |
(2) | = | Autumn 20 kg N ha−1(A20) |
(3) | = | Spring 40 kg N ha−1(S40) |
(4) | = | Spring 20 kg N ha−1 (S20) |
(5) | = | Traditional (T) |
(6) | = | Control (C)*ZD71: Zadoks 71 (milk stage grain filling period |
p < .05 | = | **, p < .01; n.s., not significant |
Acknowledgements
This study was prepared from the results of the research conducted within the scope of the TAGEM/TBAD/13/A12/P01/007 project, which supported by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Republic of Turkey.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Author contributions
The authors declare no conflict of interest. Erdinç Savaşlı, Oğuz Önder, Yaşar Karaduman, Didem Özen, Ramis Dayıoğlu, Suat Özdemir, Arzu Akın, Özgür Ateş, Mümtaz Ekiz, Sabit Erşahin. Erdinç Savaşlı: Methodology, Data Curation, Validation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Conceptualization, writing – original draft, Writing – review. Sabit Erşahin: Conceptualization, Validation, Formal analysis, orjinal Writing – review & editing. Oğuz Önder: Data Curation, Validation, methodology, original Writing – review, Resources, Investigation. Yaşar karaduman: Conceptualization, original draft, Writing – review. Didem Özen: Resources, Investigation. Ramis Dayıoğlu: Resources, Investigation. Suat Özdemir: Resources, Investigation. Arzu Akın: Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources. Özgür Ateş: Resources, Investigation. Mümtaz ekiz: Resources, Investigation Project administration, Resources, All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2023.2223639
Notes
1. Trade or manufacturers’ names mentioned in the paper are for information only and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, or exclusion by the ETZARI.