Effects of Cadmium Toxicity on Chemical Contents and Leaf Yield of Three Sun-Cured Tobacco Varieties

ABSTRACT

Tobacco plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils accumulate high concentration of Cd in leaves and the Cd in leaves can readily be transferred to the human body through smoking of cigarettes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of four soil Cd concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg kg⁻¹) on leaf Cd, zinc (Zn), and nitrogen (N) concentrations and nicotine, reducing sugar and phenolic compounds of sun-cured Canik 190/5, Xanthi 81, and Birlik 124 varieties grown in a semi-arid condition of Turkey. Increasing doses of Cd did not significantly decrease leaf yield of tobacco cultivars, while significant (p < .05) increase and decrease were recorded in leaf Cd and Zn concentrations, respectively. The highest leaf Cd concentration was accumulated in Birlik 124 (60.5 mg kg⁻¹), and the lowest in Canik 190/5 (55.35 mg kg⁻¹) variety. Nicotine concentration of Xanthi 81 and Birlik 124 cultivars in the highest Cd dose (Cd20) increased compared to the nicotine in control application, while nicotine concentration of Canik 190/5 cultivars decreased in Cd20 dose. The results revealed that all three tobacco varieties were able to accumulate Cd in their leaves under high soil Cd levels. The effects of Cd on N uptake and nicotine, reducing sugar and phenolic compounds were different among the tobacco varieties. The result may be associated with differences in responses of tobacco cultivars to soil Cd concentration.

KEYWORDS:

• Cadmium
• heavy metals
• nicotine
• tobacco
• yield

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).