Aerial accumulation and partitioning of nutrients by hard red spring wheat

Abstract

Periods of maximum hard red spring (HRS) wheat (Jriticum aestivum L.) nutrient demand need to be determined in order to develop best nutrient management practices, and to provide data for nutrient uptake modeling. Aerial (aboveground biomass) whole plant samples of irrigated HRS wheat were collected from the field at 16 growth stages and separated into leaves, stems, heads, and grain for dry matter determinations and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu concentrations. Accumulation curves were computed for each plant part for the growing season from compound cubic polynomial models based on accumulated growing degree units (GDUs). Total aerial accumulations of dry matter, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu were 14400, 116, 30.8, 103, 9.2, 9.3, 15.2, 32.3, 0.18, 0.58, 2.05, and 0.045 kg/ha, respectively. Grain at maturity accumulated greater than 78% of the total aerial N, P, and Zn, while it contained less than 20% of the aerial accumulated K, Ca, Cl, and Fe. Nitrogen and Fe were rapidly accumulated near 200 GDU, while P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl, Zn, Mn, and Cu were most rapidly accumulated near 600 GDU. Accumulation rates were 183, 2.9, 0.90, 0.72, 0.008, 1.41, 0.29, and 0.12 kg/ha/d for dry matter, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Cl, respectively, and 136, 1.7, 0.48, 0.13, 0.004, 0.78, 0.20, and 0.02 g/ha/d, respectively, during grainfill. This plant information suggests the timing of in‐season nutrient applications, and when integrated with other agronomic practices could improve overall nutrient management for HRS wheat in the northern Great Plains.

Notes

Contribution No. J‐2714 from Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and Extension Service. Received May 1, 1993.