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Notes
1. For particular takes on collapsing community institutions, see CitationCummings (1998); “collapsing” American community, see CitationPutnam (2000); “social self loathing,” see CitationMeyer (2008); social isolation in America, see CitationMcPherson, Smith-Lovin, and Brahsears (2006); or the general withering of community and connectedness through neoliberal policies (CitationSolnit, 2004; CitationCavanaugh and Mander, 2004), disaster capitalism (CitationKlein, 2007a), and fascist shifts (CitationWolf, 2007).
2. I was recently emboldened by Rebecca Martucewicz's “Editor's Corner” in the May/June, 2008, edition of this journal in which she provides a similar lament/reflection.
3. My approach and thinking about service learning (CitationRenner, 2005) is similar to others theorizing about “community-based service learning” (CitationSleeter, 2000) and “community education” (CitationHarris, 2005).
4. I am reminded here of the indigenous proverb: “If you have come to help me you are wasting your time. But, if you have come because your liberation is bound up with mine, then let us work together.”
5. Although, as this goes to press, a presidential election will occur that may reveal more about this war's possible direction, length, cost, etc.
6. The Heritage Foundation disputes claims that poor and/or Black soldiers are disproportionately sent off to die, or to risk their lives for wealthy White interests. Although admitting, “The Department of Defense does not track family income data for recruits, and there are no individual income data for enlistees,” the Heritage Foundation claims that recruits come from, on average, families right at or above the median income for neighborhoods. And, although the statistical overrepresentation of African Americans in 2003 was significant, it has declined in both 2004 and 2005. The CitationCongressional Research Service (2007) reported recently on the Military Operations Casualties relative to the war in Iraq. For roughly the first year of the war (March 19, 2003–April 30, 2003), 37% of soldiers who died were non-White. From March 19, 2003–June 2, 2007, 22% of soldiers who died were non-White. In 2004, the Government Accounting Office found that African Americans disproportionately served and Whites were disproportionately underrepresented. Supporting this claim, Mark Adamschick, a captain in the U.S. Navy, reports that African-Americans comprise 22% of the military, yet only represent 12% of the population at large.
9. See Viadero 2000; Lubienski 2001; Holloway 2004; Lee 2004; Cronin et al. 2005; Dobbs 2005; Lyons 2005; Snipes and Waters 2005; Johnson and Kritsonis 2006; and Mayers 2006, for a broad discussion on this widening gap between Black and White, rich and poor.
10. Although the Iraq War, the genocide in Darfur, Hurricane Katrina, and globalization (in the next section) deal with deadly physical consequences, I offer the NCLB Act, nonetheless, to indicate its potentially dire consequences. As Audre Lorde (1997) lyrically notes in Viet-nam Addenda, “Genocide doesn't mean only bombs.” It is likely that NCLB has added to the intellectual demise of many of our students. It is also likely that it may contribute, ultimately, to their physical danger as well, because students trapped in the bottom rungs of this educational system will more than likely find prison, the military, and/or more dangerous occupations compared to their more successful peers.
11. However, interestingly, when asked about friends, many of the participants indicated that their friend's failure was related to a nondesire to be successful connected to acting White.
12. See http://www.state.ky.us/agencies/behave/bi/cmtips.html for more information
12. A pseudonym.
14. This turn of phrase was offered at the Kentucky Alliance dinner held in Louisville, Kentucky in 2005 to honor the life and work of Anne Braden.