Abstract
A mathematical model is developed for ballistic arm movements in an underwater environment. Characteristics of the arm moving in water, the ‘induced’ moment of inertia and drag coefficient, are found from experiments on an artificial arm. These data, along with the mathematical model, are used to predict underwater movement times from experimental data for movement times in air.
Experiments on two groups of subjects, in both air and water environments, show that the model yields a good prediction of ballistic movement times in an underwater environment.