Designing sociotechnical systems with cognitive work analysis: putting theory back into practice

Abstract

Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a framework of methods for analysing complex sociotechnical systems. However, the translation from the outputs of CWA to design is not straightforward. Sociotechnical systems theory provides values and principles for the design of sociotechnical systems which may offer a theoretically consistent basis for a design approach for use with CWA. This article explores the extent to which CWA and sociotechnical systems theory offer complementary perspectives and presents an abstraction hierarchy (AH), based on a review of literature, that describes an ‘optimal’ CWA and sociotechnical systems theory design system. The optimal AH is used to assess the extent to which current CWA-based design practices, uncovered through a survey of CWA practitioners, aligns with sociotechnical systems theory. Recommendations for a design approach that would support the integration of CWA and sociotechnical systems theory design values and principles are also derived.

Abstract

Practitioner Summary: Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is commonly used by ergonomics practitioners for evaluating complex systems and informing the development of design improvements. Despite this, translation from analysis to design is not straightforward. Building upon synergies between CWA and sociotechnical systems design principles, recommendations for a design toolkit are specified.

Keywords::

• cognitive work analysis
• sociotechnical systems theory
• system design
• complex systems

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose valuable comments have improved this article.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Gemma Read's contribution to this article was funded through an Australian Postgraduate Award (Industry) provided by an Australian Research Council Linkage Grant (ARC, LP100200387) to Monash University in partnership with the University of Sunshine Coast and the University of Southampton, and the following partner organisations: the Victorian Rail Track Corporation, Transport Safety Victoria, Public Transport Victoria, Transport Accident Commission, Roads Corporation (VicRoads) and V/Line Passenger Pty Ltd. Professor Paul Salmon's contribution to this article was funded through an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council post doctoral training fellowship.