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Abstract
In joint tasks, adjusting to the actions of others is critical for success. For joint visual search tasks, research has shown that when search partners visually receive information about each other’s gaze, they use this information to adjust to each other’s actions, resulting in faster search performance. The present study used a visual, a tactile and an auditory display, respectively, to provide search partners with information about each other’s gaze. Results showed that search partners performed faster when the gaze information was received via a tactile or auditory display in comparison to receiving it via a visual display or receiving no gaze information. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of tactile and auditory displays for receiving task-relevant information in joint tasks and are applicable to circumstances in which little or no visual information is available or the visual modality is already taxed with a demanding task such as air-traffic control. Practitioner Summary: The present study demonstrates that tactile and auditory displays are effective for receiving information about actions of others in joint tasks. Findings are either applicable to circumstances in which little or no visual information is available or when the visual modality is already taxed with a demanding task.
Acknowledgements
We want to thank Alexandra Bidler, Anna-Lena Lumma, Aleksey Lytochkin, Vikash Murthy Peesapati, Ricardo Ramos Gameiro and Niklas Wilming for their help in designing and conducting this study. In addition, we want to thank Laura Schmitz for her valuable feedback on the manuscript.
Notes
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.