Understanding problem building: ergonomic work analysis

Abstract

The circumstances in which work is carried out in the real world are not usually taken into account in the modelling of work activities. The task is variable and often interrupted; the work teams are not always stable; feedback loops are numerous and complex making it difficult to diagnose disturbances. The theoretical models often overlook the physical aspects of the activity, for example fatigue, pain and danger, and the way these vary between individuals and within individuals at different times. The critical elements of the task are not always delimited according to the recommendations of the task. Operators have preconceptions about situations that are often useful but sometimes dangerous. Finally, each person reacts in terms of his personal culture. These elements are so important that it is necessary to single out a problem building phase that precedes and accompanies the more classic phase of problem solving. Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) is a tried and tested methodology which, as the result of studying behaviour in the work situation, provides an understanding of how the operator builds the problem, indicates any obstacles in the path of this activity, and enables the obstacles to be removed through ergonomic action.

Keywords:

• Ergonomics
• Ergonomic work analysis
• Autoconfrontation
• Situated cognition
• Problem building