The Summoner and His Panne

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Notes

1. See, for example, Benson; Robinson; more recently, Mann.

2. Another proponent for an alternate definition of panne, S.C.P. Horobin, in “Pennies, Pence and Pans: Some Chaucerian Misreadings,” suggests that “‘panne’ should be interpreted as ‘penny’ . . . in the Friar's Tale,” (430). However, this would make the summoner's threat at line 1613ff “pay me [the pennies] or I will take (bere awey) your new penny.” This, of course, makes little sense.

3. In this work, Hahn cites Thomas Usk's use of panne in his Testament of Love.