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The Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The crystal was pulled with 1 mm/hr and was rotated with 10 rpm for the optimum crystal growth condition. The thermal annealing of as-grown Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 crystal was performed at 500°C for 24 hours. The Laue and conoscopic image techniques were used to determine the crystallographic axes of Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 . The results showed a negative uniaxial indicatrix. The spectra of Ca2p, V2p, and O1s core-level data in Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 single crystals were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant. (KRF-2002-005-C20001).
Paper originally presented at AMF-4, Bangalore, India, December 12–15, 2003; received in final form April 10, 2005. The original Proceedings of the Fourth Asian Meeting on Ferroelectricity (AMF-4) are published in seven earlier volumes of FERROELECTRICS (Volumes 323–329, inclusive).