Abstract
In the present work, we systematically studied the aging effect of both ferroelectric single crystals and polycrystals to study how to control aging effect. We found that such hybrid-doped BaTiO3 single crystals showed obvious aging effect only when the concentration of the acceptor K+ is higher than that of the donor; when the donor F− concentration is higher than the acceptor K+, the K-F doped BaTiO3 showed almost no aging effect. Similar results were obtained in La-Mn doped BaTiO3 polycrystals. With the increase of the concentration of donor La3+ in 0.5%Mn-BaTiO3 ceramics, the aging effect gradually becomes weaker and finally disappears. Our result suggests that donor doping is an effective way of controlling the aging effect.
Acknowledgments
We thank X. Q. Ke, X. D. Ding, S. Yang and Y. Wang for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the JSPS for Grand No. P05661, National Basic Research Program of China under Grand (No. 2004CB619303, 2010CB631003), National Natural Science Foundation of China (50720145101), and 111 project of China.