Urea chelated autocombused synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles: application as magnetically retriable heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles

Abstract

Herein, BiFeO₃ nanoparticles are successfully established as promising catalyst of heterogeneous nature for one pot production of pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles. The desired BiFeO₃ nanoparticles were synthesized using a facile auto combustion route in the presence of urea as a fuel. Further, the production was carried out at diverse range of temperatures of calcination (150 °C–650 °C), in order to determine the optimal temperature required for development of pure, BiFeO₃ nanoparticles. Each of the prepared, BiFeO₃ nanoparticles were fully characterized using XRD, FT-IR, VSM, TEM and BET. The catalytic performance of as BiFeO₃ nanoparticles was then investigated for the creation of pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles.

Keywords:

• BiFeO₃
• calcination
• pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles
• recoverability
• heteroge neous catalyst

Acknowledgments

We are thankful to SAIF, Panjab University Chandigarh (for XRD and TEM), Department of Chemistry NIT Jalandhar (for FT-IR), IIT Ropar for NMR, CIL IIT Roorkee for VSM, and BIT Bengaluru for BET.