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Notes
1 Amy J. Elias and Christian Moraru, ed., The Planetary Turn: Relationality and Geoaesthetics in the Twenty-First Century (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2015).
2 See Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Imperatives to Re-imagine the Planet/Imperative zur Neuerfindung des Planeten (Vienna: Passagen, 1999). In the following we quote from Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, “Imperative to Re-imagine the Planet,” An Aesthetic Education in the Era of Globalization (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012), 335–350; Masao Miyoshi, “Turn to the Planet: Literature, Diversity, and Totality,” Comparative Literature 53, no. 4 (2001), 283–297.
3 Spivak, “Imperative to Re-imagine the Planet,” 338.
4 Christian Moraru, “‘World,’ ‘Globe’, ‘Planet’: Comparative Literature, Planetary Studies, and Cultural Debt After the Global Turn”, https://stateofthediscipline.acla.org/entry/“world”-“globe”-“planet”-comparative-literature-planetary-studies-and-cultural-debt-after (accessed: Nov 11, 2021). Italics in original.
5 In this context, see also the notion of errance/errantry, as articulated by Edouard Glissant in his Poetics of Relation (Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press, 2010).
6 In addition to the works referenced above, see also Susan Stanford Friedman, Planetary Modernisms: Provocations on Modernity Across Time (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015).
7 It is worth noting here, however, that in German studies, the planet has been an important category in debates about the Anthropocene, and for scholars working in fields such as ecocriticism and the environmental humanities.
8 For a definition of an “ecology of knowledges” along these lines, see especially Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Another Knowledge is Possible: Beyond Northern Epistemologies (London: Verso, 2007).
9 See Jonathan Crary, 24/7: Late Capitalism and the Ends of Sleep (London: Verso 2013).
10 On literarische Eigenzeiten see, for example, Michael Bies, “Literarische Eigenzeiten: Ein Diskussionsvorschlag,” Mitteilungen des Deutschen Germanistenverbandes 65, no. 4 (2018), 340–352.
11 A “world,” it needs to be noted, is not the planet: “A world indicates a domain of human activity in its spatial and experiental dimensions. It can form at individual, collective, and universal scales. […] A world’s geographical dimension does not necessarily coincide with the entire physical earth, but rather indicates a scope of particular cultural domains.” Simon Ferdinand, Irene Villaescusa-Illán, and Esther Pereen, “Introduction: Other Globes. Past and Peripherial Imaginations of Globalization,” Other Globes: Past and Peripheral Imaginations of Globalization, ed. Simon Ferdinand, Irene Villaescusa-Illán, and Esther Pereen (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), 1–39, 7. A temporal dimension would need to be added to this predominantly spatial understanding of world. See, for example, Pheng Cheah, What is a World? On Postcolonial Literature as World Literature (Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2016). See Cheah’s text also for one of many arguments that literature constructs worlds.
12 Walter Mignolo and Catherine E. Walsh, On Decoloniality: Concepts, Analytics, Praxis (Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2018), 3.
13 See the second eponymously titled chapter of Timothy Clark, The Value of Ecocriticism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019).
14 Along these lines, several articles in this special issue, perhaps surprisingly, show that it is often in small literary forms such as the prose miniature, the reportage, and the poem – and thus not exclusively in large genres commonly associated with the global like the novel – that knowledge about the planet is articulated. On the novel as a global form, see for example, Alexander Beecroft, An Ecology of World Literature: From Antiquity to the Present Day (London and New York: Verso, 2015), 243–299.
15 Friedman, Planetary Modernisms, 94.
16 Friedman, Planetary Modernisms, 96.
17 Elias and Moraru, The Planetary Turn, xvii.
18 See Michael Auer, Wege zu einer planetarischen Linientreue? Meridiane zwischen Jünger, Schmitt, Heidegger und Celan (München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2013); Michael Auer, “Beyond a Global Horizon: Vers la pensée planétaire (1964) and the Discourse of Planetarity 1930–2020,” Envisioning the World: Mapping and Making the Global, ed. Sandra Holtgreve, Karlson Preuß, and Mathias Albert (Bielefeld: transcript, 2021), 199–221.
19 Auer, Wege zu einer planetarischen Linientreue, 21.
20 Spivak herself has moreover acknowledged Hermann Levin Goldschmidt’s dialogics as an earlier philosophical project resonant in some regards with her own. See Spivak, “Imperative to Re-imagine the Planet,” 335–336, 339, 342. For Goldschmidt’s dialogical thinking see Hermann Levin Goldschmidt, Contradiction Set Free, trans. John Koster (London: Bloomsbury, 2020).
21 Dipesh Chakrabarty, The Climate of History in a Planetary Age (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2021), 26.
22 Another genealogy of the planetary that also remains largely within the realm of human history and barely distinguishes between the global and the planetary can be found in Ulrike Bregermann, “Das Planetarische,” Handbuch Mediologie: Signaturen des Medialen, ed. Christina Bartz, Ludwig Jäger, Marcus Krause, and Erika Linz (München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2012), 215-220.
23 Frederic Hanusch, Claus Leggewie, and Erik Meyer, Planetar denken: Ein Einstieg (Bielefeld: transcript, 2021), 16, 16–22. Our translation.
24 Chakrabarty, The Climate of History in a Planetary Age, 204, 202.
25 See Chakrabarty, The Climate of History in a Planetary Age, 83–85.
26 Spivak, “Imperative to Re-imagine the Planet,” 338, 339.
27 Spivak, “Imperative to Re-imagine the Planet,” 336.
28 Amy J. Elias and Christian Moraru, “Introduction: The Planetary Condition,” The Planetary Turn: Relationality and Geoaesthetics in the Twenty-First Century, ed. Amy J. Elias and Christian Moraru (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2015), xi–xxxvii, xxiii.
29 Elias and Moraru, “Introduction,” xii. Italics in original.
30 Elias and Moraru, “Introduction,” xxiii. Italics in original.
31 Chakrabarty, The Climate of History in a Planetary Age, 19.
32 Chakrabarty, The Climate of History in a Planetary Age, 67.
33 Chakrabarty, The Climate of History in a Planetary Age, 15, 70.
34 Chakrabarty, The Climate of History in a Planetary Age, 90. Italics in original.
35 Jason W. Moore, Capitalism in the Web of Life: Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital (London and New York: Verso, 2015), 2.
36 Recent work on Novalis belongs in this context as well, see John D. Pizer, “Planetary Poetics: World Literature, Goethe, Novalis, and Yoko Tawada’s Translational Writing,” The Planetary Turn: Relationality and Geoaesthetics in the Twenty-First Century, ed. Amy J. Elias and Christian Moraru (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2015), 3–24.
37 Chakrabarty, The Climate of History in a Planetary Age, 1.
38 Tim Ingold, The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill (London and New York: Routledge, 2000), 213.
39 Mignolo and Walsh, On Decoloniality, 139-140.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Alexis Radisoglou
Alexis Radisoglou is Assistant Professor of German studies in the School of Modern Languages and Cultures at Durham University.
Christoph Schaub
Christoph Schaub teaches German literature and cultural studies at the University of Vechta.