Is hypnotizability modifiable?

Abstract

This paper discusses a number of methodological problems raised by experimental attempts to modify hypnotic responsivity. In particular the criteria of modifiability, the issue of plateau susceptibility, and the special problem of demand characteristics as it exists for modification studies are discussed. Evidence that initial hypnotic susceptibility level may limit the degree to which hypnotizability may be modified (including the fiequent finding of high correlations between pre- and postmodification hypnotizability scores) is noted as a major paradox stemming from modification studies that requires greater attention. Until these methodological issues are treated more thoroughly than hitherto, claims for modifiability need to be treated with caution. Since hypnotic responsivity involves both aptitudinal and attitudinal components, future research in this field needs to develop strategies for determining the degree to which eachis altered by modification training procedures.