A study of second-order state-space systems of time-invariant and time-varying transistor circuits using the STWS technique

Abstract

This paper presents a study of second-order time-invariant and time-varying statespace systems using the single-term Walsh series (STWS) technique. Here, we consider the observer design in a generalized state-space transistor circuit, converted into a second-order system. This second-order system has been solved using the procedure of STWS, which is exclusively designed to solve second-order initial value problems (IVPs) directly. This new approach gives a better result when compared to the STWS algorithm developed for first-order systems. Time-invariant and time-varying STWS algorithms for second-order IVPs are presented and these can be easily implemented in a digital computer.