Selecting effluent outfall location in small rivers using proper water quality models based on effluent and local characteristics

ABSTRACT

This study presents a methodology to determine the appropriate location for effluent disposal in a low-flow river using numerical modelling, via a case study of a river located in Southern Brazil, considering disposal of landfill leachate with known characteristics. There are four key steps: 1) a principal component analysis (PCA) for a set of representative parameters; 2) a decision flowchart for proper water quality models; 3) a modified Water Quality Index (WQI) using the resulting concentrations and 4) simulation on 1D and 2D models and WQI calculation and evaluation. The PCA highlights eight relevant parameters: ammonia (NH₃), chloride (Cl⁻), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosp horus, nitrite (NO₂⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), dissolved oxygen (DO) and total dissolved solids. Two models were considered suitable: HEC-RAS (1D) and SisBaHiA (2DH). After simulating the parameters in both models, a WQI was calculated for each location. Both HEC-RAS and SisBaHiA lead to the same effluent outfall location, showing that spatial discretisation does not affect the results.

KEYWORDS:

• Outfall location
• multivariate analysis
• numerical modelling

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research received no external funding.