Prenatal x-ray exposure may increase risk of schizophrenia: Results from the Jerusalem perinatal cohort schizophrenia study

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to determine the risk of schizophrenia in offspring of women exposed to x-ray radiation during pregnancy. The risk of schizophrenia was evaluated using cohort data collected in The Jerusalem Perinatal Study. The cohort of 92,408 births from 1964 to 1976 was linked to Israel’s National Psychiatric Registry of all individuals hospitalized for psychiatric conditions. Cross-tabulations were analyzed for development of schizophrenia in offspring of mothers who were exposed to an x-ray procedure during the first four months of pregnancy. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using proportional hazards models, adjusted for male sex, paternal age, family psychiatric history, and social class. The adjusted RRs for schizophrenia spectrum associated with maternal x-rays in months 3 and 4 were, respectively, 2.97 (0.94–9.35) and 1.23 (0.39–3.87). Among 80 cases with narrowly defined schizophrenia (ICD-10 = F20) maternal x-rays in months 3 and 4 were associated, respectively, with adjusted RRs of 3.08 (0.75–12.6, based on 2 cases), and 2.04 (0.64–6.46, 3 cases). Offspring of mothers exposed to x-ray radiation during the third and fourth months of pregnancy may have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia.

KEYWORDS:

• Birth cohort
• prenatal
• schizophrenia
• x-ray