Analysis of irregular three-dimensional packing problems in additive manufacturing: a new taxonomy and dataset

Abstract

With most Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology variants, build processes take place inside an internal enclosed build container, referred to as a ‘build volume’. It has been demonstrated that the effectiveness with which this volume is filled with product geometries forms an important determinant of overall process efficiency in AM. For effective operations management, it is important to understand not only the problem faced, but also which methods have proved effective (or ineffective) for problems with these characteristics in the past. This research aims to facilitate this increased understanding. The build volume packing task can be formulated as a three-dimensional irregular packing (3DIP) problem, which is a combinatorial optimisation problem requiring the configuration of a set of arbitrary volumetric items. This paper reviews existing general cutting and packing taxonomies and provides a new specification which is more appropriate for classifying the problems encountered in AM. This comprises a clear-cut problem definition, a set of precise categorisation criteria for objectives and problem instances, and a simple notation. Furthermore, the paper establishes an improved terminology with terms that are familiar to, but not limited to, researchers and practitioners in the field of AM. Finally, this paper describes a new dataset to be used in the evaluation of existing and proposed computational solution methods for 3DIP problems encountered in AM and discusses the importance of this research for further underpinning work.

Keywords:

• packing problems
• benchmarking
• additive manufacturing
• 3D printing
• classification

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Rodrigo L. Pinheiro - Automated Scheduling, Optimization and Planning (ASAP) Research Group, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham - for his work in the implementation of the XML generation module for the dataset.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Jason A.D. Atkin  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-4982

Notes

1 https://paginas.fe.up.pt/esicup/datasets (last accessed on 1 July 2017)

2 http://people.brunel.ac.uk/mastjjb/jeb/info.html (last accessed on 1 July 2017)

3 http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/psxlja/dataset

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the CNPq (Brazilian Council for Research and Development), grant number 248602/2013-6.